Exam 12: Body Defenses

Which statement correctly describes the renal threshold?

Filtrate does NOT pass through which of these structures?

The energy-dependent step in Na⁺ reabsorption involves the ____________________ located at the ____________________ membrane of the tubular cell.

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms. a.movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen b.movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen c.everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed d.movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood -glomerular filtration

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -acted upon by converting enzyme

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -urinary bladder

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -stimulates K⁺ secretion by the distal and collecting tubules

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -glomerulus

Which one of these statements is NOT a step in transepithelial transport?

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -afferent arteriole

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. a.urea b.creatinine c.uric acid d.Na⁺ e.glucose -reabsorbed actively and passively

Which statement does NOT correctly describe the medullary vertical osmotic gradient?

When the bladder wall is distended as a result of urine accumulation, the stretch receptors are stimulated and send afferent impulses to the spinal cord. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the afferent impulses?

Which statement does NOT correctly apply to the urinary bladder?

____________________ renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; ____________________ renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

Which of the following is NOT involved in autoregulation of the GFR?

ACE inhibitor drugs promote diuresis by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

If a substance is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed, its plasma clearance rate is always less than the GFR.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -peritubular capillary