Question 1

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition ____.

Accepted Answer

A) combines parenteral nutrition with hemodialysis 
B) substitutes parenteral nutrition for hemodialysis 
C) substitutes hemodialysis for parenteral nutrition 
D) delays the need for hemodialysis by manipulating nutrition 
A) combines parenteral nutrition with hemodialysis 
B) substitutes parenteral nutrition for hemodialysis 
C) substitutes hemodialysis for parenteral nutrition 
D) delays the need for hemodialysis by manipulating nutrition

Question 2

Prior to his kidney transplant, John Miller was on dialysis and his sodium intake was restricted to 2500 mg daily. His blood pressure levels have averaged 140/90 mmHg. When Mr. Miller inquires if he should continue to restrict his sodium after his transplant, you reply, ____.

Accepted Answer

A) "Since your renal function has been restored, you will never need to restrict your sodium intake." 
B) "Since your blood pressure is still elevated, you need to restrict your sodium level to 2.0 to 2.4 g/day." 
C) "Since you are going to be on diuretics, there is no need to restrict sodium." 
D) "Once you are off the immunosuppressants, you will no longer need to restrict sodium intake." 
A) "Since your renal function has been restored, you will never need to restrict your sodium intake." 
B) "Since your blood pressure is still elevated, you need to restrict your sodium level to 2.0 to 2.4 g/day." 
C) "Since you are going to be on diuretics, there is no need to restrict sodium." 
D) "Once you are off the immunosuppressants, you will no longer need to restrict sodium intake."

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: removal of fluids and wastes from blood by passing the blood through a dialyzer

Accepted Answer

The Answer of hypercalciuria and renal osteodystrophy and continuous renal is...

Question 4

Nutrition therapy for the nephrotic syndrome focuses on ____.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the fat content in the diet 
B) preventing protein malnutrition and alleviating edema 
C) high-protein and high-kcalorie intake 
D) high sodium intake 
A) increasing the fat content in the diet 
B) preventing protein malnutrition and alleviating edema 
C) high-protein and high-kcalorie intake 
D) high sodium intake

Question 5

Daily sodium intake should be restricted to about ____ grams  for patients with the  nephrotic syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 to 1.0 
B) 1.0 to 2.0 
C) 2.0 to 3.0 
D) 3.0 to 4.0 
A) 0.5 to 1.0 
B) 1.0 to 2.0 
C) 2.0 to 3.0 
D) 3.0 to 4.0

Question 6

Discuss three of the roles of the kidneys in maintaining our health.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys help to regulate blood press

Question 7

One large egg contains about ____ milligrams of sodium.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) 200 
A) 10 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) 200

Question 8

Which treatment is used almost exclusively to dialyze patients with acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A) peritoneal  dialysis 
B) hemodialysis 
C) continuous  renal replacement therapy 
D) intermittent  dialysis 
A) peritoneal  dialysis 
B) hemodialysis 
C) continuous  renal replacement therapy 
D) intermittent  dialysis

Question 9

GFR of ____ mL/min  is characteristic of kidney failure.

Accepted Answer

A) less than 15 
B) 15 to 29 
C) 30 to 59 
D) 60 to 89 
A) less than 15 
B) 15 to 29 
C) 30 to 59 
D) 60 to 89

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: end products of nucleotide metabolism that eventually degrade to uric acid

Accepted Answer

The Answer of continuous renal replacement therapy and hypercalciuria and is...

Question 11

What is an advantage of using continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)?

Accepted Answer

A) It can be completed in a very short period of time. 
B) It does not cause shifts in fluid balance. 
C) It does not lead to blood clots. 
D) It prevents patients from developing hypotension. 
A) It can be completed in a very short period of time. 
B) It does not cause shifts in fluid balance. 
C) It does not lead to blood clots. 
D) It prevents patients from developing hypotension.

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: metabolic disorder that results in excessive uric acid in the blood and urine and deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation

Accepted Answer

The Answer of diuresis and gout and uremic syndrome and is...

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: excessive amounts of calcium in the urine

Accepted Answer

The Answer of hypercalciuria and hemodialysis and hematuria and gout is...

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: slow, continuous method of removing solutes and fluid from blood by gently pumping blood across a filtration membrane over a prolonged period of time

Accepted Answer

The Answer of hematuria and hypercalcemia and renal osteodystrophy and is...

Question 15

A type of skin change that develops due to uremia from chronic kidney disease is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) maceration 
B) pruritus 
C) hives 
D) diaphoresis 
A) maceration 
B) pruritus 
C) hives 
D) diaphoresis

Question 16

In the nephrotic syndrome, urinary protein losses generally average about ____ grams daily.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 9 
D) 16 
A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 9 
D) 16

Question 17

A consequence of the nephrotic syndrome is the loss of plasma proteins in the urine, which contributes to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) an increased risk of blood clotting 
B) a fluid shift from interstitial spaces to blood plasma 
C) an increased risk of vitamin D toxicity 
D) anemia 
A) an increased risk of blood clotting 
B) a fluid shift from interstitial spaces to blood plasma 
C) an increased risk of vitamin D toxicity 
D) anemia

Question 18

Struvite stones are mainly composed of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) magnesium ammonium phosphate 
B) bile acid salts 
C) urinary citrate 
D) purines 
A) magnesium ammonium phosphate 
B) bile acid salts 
C) urinary citrate 
D) purines

Question 19

Diabetes mellitus causes about ____ percent of cases of chronic kidney disease in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) 34 
B) 44 
C) 54 
D) 64 
A) 34 
B) 44 
C) 54 
D) 64

Question 20

What is a prerenal cause of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A) heart failure 
B) sickle cell disease 
C) diabetes mellitus 
D) pregnancy 
A) heart failure 
B) sickle cell disease 
C) diabetes mellitus 
D) pregnancy

Exam 28: Kidney Diseases

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition ____.

Prior to his kidney transplant, John Miller was on dialysis and his sodium intake was restricted to 2500 mg daily. His blood pressure levels have averaged 140/90 mmHg. When Mr. Miller inquires if he should continue to restrict his sodium after his transplant, you reply, ____.

Nutrition therapy for the nephrotic syndrome focuses on ____.

Daily sodium intake should be restricted to about ____ grams for patients with the nephrotic syndrome.

Discuss three of the roles of the kidneys in maintaining our health.

One large egg contains about ____ milligrams of sodium.

Which treatment is used almost exclusively to dialyze patients with acute kidney injury?

GFR of ____ mL/min is characteristic of kidney failure.

What is an advantage of using continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)?

A type of skin change that develops due to uremia from chronic kidney disease is ____.

In the nephrotic syndrome, urinary protein losses generally average about ____ grams daily.

A consequence of the nephrotic syndrome is the loss of plasma proteins in the urine, which contributes to ____.

Struvite stones are mainly composed of ____.

Diabetes mellitus causes about ____ percent of cases of chronic kidney disease in the United States.

What is a prerenal cause of acute kidney injury?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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