Question 1

A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for ____.

Accepted Answer

A) dehydration 
B) constipation 
C) peptic ulcers 
D) hemorrhoids 
A) dehydration 
B) constipation 
C) peptic ulcers 
D) hemorrhoids A

Question 2

Which symptom is characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) mild abdominal discomfort 
B) alternating diarrhea and constipation 
C) constipation, but not diarrhea 
D) vomiting in the absence of food triggers 
A) mild abdominal discomfort 
B) alternating diarrhea and constipation 
C) constipation, but not diarrhea 
D) vomiting in the absence of food triggers B

Question 3

Trace the flow of blood in the general circulation. Compare this to the flow of blood as it leaves the digestive system, ending at the heart.

Accepted Answer

Blood leaving the right side of the heart circulates through the lungs and then back to the left side of the heart. The left side of the heart then pumps the blood out of the aorta through arteries to all systems of the body. The blood circulates in the capillaries, where it exchanges material with the cells and then collects in veins, which return it again to the right side of the heart (heart to arteries to capillaries to veins to heart.Blood leaving the digestive system, however, goes by way of a vein. The hepatic portal vein directs blood not back to the heart but to the liver. The vein branches into a network of large capillaries so that every cell of the liver has access to the blood. Blood leaving the liver then collects into the hepatic vein, which returns blood to the heart (heart to arteries to capillaries in the intestines to hepatic portal vein to capillaries in the liver to hepatic vein to heart.

Question 4

At his annual medical check-up, Jim was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. Which medical condition may be the cause of Jim's condition?

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition of peristalsis 
B) overactive cardiac sphincter activity 
C) overactive pyloric sphincter activity 
D) defective lower esophageal sphincter activity 
A) inhibition of peristalsis 
B) overactive cardiac sphincter activity 
C) overactive pyloric sphincter activity 
D) defective lower esophageal sphincter activity

Question 5

The body's regulation of digestion, temperature, and blood pressure are examples of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) absorption 
B) diffusion 
C) immunity 
D) homeostasis 
A) absorption 
B) diffusion 
C) immunity 
D) homeostasis

Question 6

The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) raise the pH of chyme 
B) lower the pH of chyme 
C) hydrolyze large proteins 
D) hydrolyze fats 
A) raise the pH of chyme 
B) lower the pH of chyme 
C) hydrolyze large proteins 
D) hydrolyze fats

Question 7

The portion of food swallowed at one time, known as ____, is transported from the mouth to the stomach via the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) a sphincter; epiglottis 
B) chyme; pyloric sphincter 
C) a bolus; esophagus 
D) mucus; large intestine 
A) a sphincter; epiglottis 
B) chyme; pyloric sphincter 
C) a bolus; esophagus 
D) mucus; large intestine

Question 8

The lymphatic system ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) carries fats away from the intestines and fluids towards the heart 
B) contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid 
C) circulates lymph via a one-way pump situated near the subclavian vein 
D) transports both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins to the vascular system 
A) carries fats away from the intestines and fluids towards the heart 
B) contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid 
C) circulates lymph via a one-way pump situated near the subclavian vein 
D) transports both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins to the vascular system

Question 9

The primary treatment for ulcers caused by the presence of H. pylori is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) fiber 
B) surgery 
C) antacids 
D) antibiotics 
A) fiber 
B) surgery 
C) antacids 
D) antibiotics

Question 10

Which role is performed by the human microbiome?

Accepted Answer

A) construction of long, fat fragments 
B) digestion of indigestible fibers 
C) digestion of vitamins and minerals 
D) activation of digestive hormones 
A) construction of long, fat fragments 
B) digestion of indigestible fibers 
C) digestion of vitamins and minerals 
D) activation of digestive hormones

Question 11

When the pancreatic juices mix with chyme in the small intestine, the pH of the resulting mixture is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) equal to that of the pancreatic juices 
B) unchanged 
C) strongly alkaline 
D) approximately neutral 
A) equal to that of the pancreatic juices 
B) unchanged 
C) strongly alkaline 
D) approximately neutral

Question 12

A peptic ulcer resides in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) stomach only 
B) duodenum only 
C) stomach or duodenum 
D) esophagus and stomach 
A) stomach only 
B) duodenum only 
C) stomach or duodenum 
D) esophagus and stomach

Question 13

What is the difference between the processes of nutrient absorption by simple diffusion versus active transport?

Accepted Answer

A) Nutrients absorbed by active transport cross freely into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion move against their concentration gradient, which requires energy. 
B) Nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion cross freely into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by active transport move against their concentration gradient, which requires energy. 
C) Nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion need a specific carrier molecule to transport them into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by active transport move against their concentration gradient, which does not require energy. 
D) Nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion cross freely into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by active transport need a specific carrier molecule to transport them into intestinal cells, which does not require energy. 
A) Nutrients absorbed by active transport cross freely into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion move against their concentration gradient, which requires energy. 
B) Nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion cross freely into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by active transport move against their concentration gradient, which requires energy. 
C) Nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion need a specific carrier molecule to transport them into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by active transport move against their concentration gradient, which does not require energy. 
D) Nutrients absorbed by simple diffusion cross freely into intestinal cells, while nutrients absorbed by active transport need a specific carrier molecule to transport them into intestinal cells, which does not require energy.

Question 14

Which statement characterizes pancreatic digestive enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

A) The major hormone controlling the release of pancreatic enzymes is gastrin. 
B) The release of pancreatic enzymes is controlled primarily by a pancreatic sphincter. 
C) The pancreas can increase the activity of fat-degrading enzymes in response to increased fat in the diet. 
D) The amounts of digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas remain constant despite varying nutrient intake. 
A) The major hormone controlling the release of pancreatic enzymes is gastrin. 
B) The release of pancreatic enzymes is controlled primarily by a pancreatic sphincter. 
C) The pancreas can increase the activity of fat-degrading enzymes in response to increased fat in the diet. 
D) The amounts of digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas remain constant despite varying nutrient intake.

Question 15

Your cousin Miguel is extolling the virtues of his new dietary supplement. He says that it contains enzymes that will make him healthier, and he asks for your opinion. How should you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) The supplement will increase the digestibility of the foods he eats. 
B) The supplement could likely interfere with the enzymes secreted by his pancreas. 
C) The supplement could likely overload his gastrointestinal tract and lead to diarrhea. 
D) Enzymes are proteins, which will be destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract. 
A) The supplement will increase the digestibility of the foods he eats. 
B) The supplement could likely interfere with the enzymes secreted by his pancreas. 
C) The supplement could likely overload his gastrointestinal tract and lead to diarrhea. 
D) Enzymes are proteins, which will be destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 16

Discuss the role of the human microbiome in the GI tract and the factors that help regulate microbial proliferation. Discuss the benefits of prebiotics and probiotics in maintaining intestinal microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A healthy GI tract is home to a vibrant

Question 17

Pancreatic juice has pH of 8, while gastric juice has a pH of about 2. Gastric juice is ____ times more acidic than pancreatic juice.

Accepted Answer

A) ​6 
B) ​10 
C) 103 
D) 106 
A) ​6 
B) ​10 
C) 103 
D) 106

Question 18

Name and describe the functions of three major hormones involved in digestion and absorption. Include a discussion of the feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone secretion.

Accepted Answer

Food entering the stomach stimulates cel

Question 19

What is intestinal ischemia?

Accepted Answer

A) reduced blood flow to the intestines 
B) chronic episodes of reverse peristalsis 
C) lack of intestinal lymph supply 
D) inflammation of two or more sphincter muscles 
A) reduced blood flow to the intestines 
B) chronic episodes of reverse peristalsis 
C) lack of intestinal lymph supply 
D) inflammation of two or more sphincter muscles

Question 20

What triggers choking? What is the best way to assist a person who is choking? Which foods are commonly associated with choking?

Accepted Answer

Sometimes a sip of a beverage or a tiny

Exam 3: Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for ____.

Which symptom is characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome?

Trace the flow of blood in the general circulation. Compare this to the flow of blood as it leaves the digestive system, ending at the heart.

At his annual medical check-up, Jim was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. Which medical condition may be the cause of Jim's condition?

The body's regulation of digestion, temperature, and blood pressure are examples of ____.

The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to ____. ​

The portion of food swallowed at one time, known as ____, is transported from the mouth to the stomach via the ____. ​

The lymphatic system ____. ​

The primary treatment for ulcers caused by the presence of H. pylori is ____.

Which role is performed by the human microbiome?

When the pancreatic juices mix with chyme in the small intestine, the pH of the resulting mixture is ____.

A peptic ulcer resides in the ____.

What is the difference between the processes of nutrient absorption by simple diffusion versus active transport?

Which statement characterizes pancreatic digestive enzyme function?

Your cousin Miguel is extolling the virtues of his new dietary supplement. He says that it contains enzymes that will make him healthier, and he asks for your opinion. How should you respond?

Discuss the role of the human microbiome in the GI tract and the factors that help regulate microbial proliferation. Discuss the benefits of prebiotics and probiotics in maintaining intestinal microorganisms.

Pancreatic juice has pH of 8, while gastric juice has a pH of about 2. Gastric juice is ____ times more acidic than pancreatic juice.

Name and describe the functions of three major hormones involved in digestion and absorption. Include a discussion of the feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone secretion.

What is intestinal ischemia?

What triggers choking? What is the best way to assist a person who is choking? Which foods are commonly associated with choking?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters

The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to ____.

The portion of food swallowed at one time, known as , is transported from the mouth to the stomach via the .

The lymphatic system ____.