Question 1

Which substance is not a typical component of feces?

Accepted Answer

A) ​water 
B) ​fiber 
C) ​starch 
D) ​bacteria 
A) ​water 
B) ​fiber 
C) ​starch 
D) ​bacteria

Question 2

The primary function of the intestinal microvilli is to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) secrete bile salts 
B) secrete digestive acids 
C) transport nutrient molecules into the cells 
D) transport pancreatic enzymes into the lumen 
A) secrete bile salts 
B) secrete digestive acids 
C) transport nutrient molecules into the cells 
D) transport pancreatic enzymes into the lumen

Question 3

The lumen of the GI tract is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) circular muscle 
B) capillaries 
C) inner space 
D) mucosal surface 
A) circular muscle 
B) capillaries 
C) inner space 
D) mucosal surface

Question 4

Lacteals are ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) gastric secretory cells 
B) products of milk digestion 
C) intestinal lymphatic vessels 
D) products of fermentation 
A) gastric secretory cells 
B) products of milk digestion 
C) intestinal lymphatic vessels 
D) products of fermentation

Question 5

Which enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing the proteins in foods? ​

Accepted Answer

A) lipases 
B) zymogens 
C) proteases 
D) carbohydrases 
A) lipases 
B) zymogens 
C) proteases 
D) carbohydrases

Question 6

Chyme is released from the stomach when ____.

Accepted Answer

A) it is completely liquefied 
B) protein is completely digested 
C) the pyloric sphincter closes 
D) its muscles begin to churn the food 
A) it is completely liquefied 
B) protein is completely digested 
C) the pyloric sphincter closes 
D) its muscles begin to churn the food

Question 7

The motility of the GI tract refers to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) efficiency of lymph transport 
B) ability of the GI tract muscles to move 
C) speed of digestive juice release by gastric cells 
D) speed of digestive juice release by the pancreas 
A) efficiency of lymph transport 
B) ability of the GI tract muscles to move 
C) speed of digestive juice release by gastric cells 
D) speed of digestive juice release by the pancreas

Question 8

Within the intestinal villi crypts, ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicrons are synthesized 
B) intestinal juices are secreted into the small intestine 
C) small fat fragments are synthesized for use by the colon 
D) fat-soluble nutrients are transported into intestinal capillaries 
A) chylomicrons are synthesized 
B) intestinal juices are secreted into the small intestine 
C) small fat fragments are synthesized for use by the colon 
D) fat-soluble nutrients are transported into intestinal capillaries

Question 9

Which food or drink is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?

Accepted Answer

A) beer 
B) raw carrots 
C) regular coffee 
D) decaffeinated coffee 
A) beer 
B) raw carrots 
C) regular coffee 
D) decaffeinated coffee

Question 10

After swallowing, in which order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract? ​

Accepted Answer

A) jejunum, duodenum, colon, ileum, rectum 
B) jejunum, ileum, duodenum, rectum, colon 
C) stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon 
D) stomach, jejunum, duodenum, colon, ileum 
A) jejunum, duodenum, colon, ileum, rectum 
B) jejunum, ileum, duodenum, rectum, colon 
C) stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon 
D) stomach, jejunum, duodenum, colon, ileum

Question 11

Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of ____ from the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrases; salivary glands 
B) gastrin; pancreas 
C) hydrochloric acid; stomach 
D) bile; gallbladder 
A) carbohydrases; salivary glands 
B) gastrin; pancreas 
C) hydrochloric acid; stomach 
D) bile; gallbladder

Question 12

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) to emulsify fats 
B) to neutralize stomach acid 
C) to digest proteins and carbohydrates 
D) to protect stomach cells from gastric juices 
A) to emulsify fats 
B) to neutralize stomach acid 
C) to digest proteins and carbohydrates 
D) to protect stomach cells from gastric juices

Question 13

Which statement describes the muscular contractions of the GI tract? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Peristalsis begins in the stomach upon the initiation of the swallowing reflex. 
B) To withstand the pressure of stool evacuation, the colon must have the thickest and strongest muscles of the GI tract. 
C) The jejunum has a third layer of diagonal muscles to enhance contraction and relaxation phases for optimal digestion. 
D) The periodic contractions of intestinal muscles mix the chyme before allowing the contents to move toward the colon. 
A) Peristalsis begins in the stomach upon the initiation of the swallowing reflex. 
B) To withstand the pressure of stool evacuation, the colon must have the thickest and strongest muscles of the GI tract. 
C) The jejunum has a third layer of diagonal muscles to enhance contraction and relaxation phases for optimal digestion. 
D) The periodic contractions of intestinal muscles mix the chyme before allowing the contents to move toward the colon.

Question 14

Infection or inflammation of bulges that form in weakened areas of the intestinal wall is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) diverticulitis 
B) diverticulosis 
C) pancreatitis 
D) hepatitis 
A) diverticulitis 
B) diverticulosis 
C) pancreatitis 
D) hepatitis

Question 15

Catalysts ____.

Accepted Answer

A) change their molecular structure while facilitating chemical reactions 
B) facilitate chemical reactions while remaining unchanged 
C) inhibit chemical reactions while remaining unchanged 
D) facilitate chemical reactions but do not occur in biological systems 
A) change their molecular structure while facilitating chemical reactions 
B) facilitate chemical reactions while remaining unchanged 
C) inhibit chemical reactions while remaining unchanged 
D) facilitate chemical reactions but do not occur in biological systems

Question 16

After consuming a slice a pizza, carbohydrate digestion will begin in the mouth, and then continue in the small intestine. Why does carbohydrate digestion cease in the stomach? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Salivary carbohydrases do not function in an acidic environment. 
B) Gastric juices digest fats only, not carbohydrates or protein. 
C) Salivary carbohydrases are activated from zymogens only in the intestine. 
D) Carbohydrates are digested only by mastication, not by enzymatic hydrolysis. 
A) Salivary carbohydrases do not function in an acidic environment. 
B) Gastric juices digest fats only, not carbohydrates or protein. 
C) Salivary carbohydrases are activated from zymogens only in the intestine. 
D) Carbohydrates are digested only by mastication, not by enzymatic hydrolysis.

Question 17

How many layers of muscle are present in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) ​1 
B) ​2 
C) ​3 
D) ​4 
A) ​1 
B) ​2 
C) ​3 
D) ​4

Question 18

For optimal absorption of nutrients, it is usually best to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) eat several small meals each day so that the GI tract is not overwhelmed 
B) combine different food types to enhance the absorption process 
C) avoid eating meat and fruit at the same meal to prevent competition 
D) take enzyme pills periodically so the GI tract can rest and rejuvenate 
A) eat several small meals each day so that the GI tract is not overwhelmed 
B) combine different food types to enhance the absorption process 
C) avoid eating meat and fruit at the same meal to prevent competition 
D) take enzyme pills periodically so the GI tract can rest and rejuvenate

Question 19

What is the primary cause of belching? ​

Accepted Answer

A) swallowing air 
B) viral infections 
C) eating spicy foods 
D) drinking alcoholic beverages 
A) swallowing air 
B) viral infections 
C) eating spicy foods 
D) drinking alcoholic beverages

Question 20

Digestive enzymes use water to break a molecule into smaller pieces, a process known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) absorption 
B) negative feedback 
C) active transport 
D) hydrolysis 
A) absorption 
B) negative feedback 
C) active transport 
D) hydrolysis

Exam 3: Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

Which substance is not a typical component of feces?

The primary function of the intestinal microvilli is to ____. ​

The lumen of the GI tract is the ____.

Lacteals are ____. ​

Which enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing the proteins in foods? ​

Chyme is released from the stomach when ____.

The motility of the GI tract refers to the ____.

Within the intestinal villi crypts, ____. ​

Which food or drink is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?

After swallowing, in which order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract? ​

Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of ____ from the ____.

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Which statement describes the muscular contractions of the GI tract? ​

Infection or inflammation of bulges that form in weakened areas of the intestinal wall is known as ____.

Catalysts ____.

After consuming a slice a pizza, carbohydrate digestion will begin in the mouth, and then continue in the small intestine. Why does carbohydrate digestion cease in the stomach? ​

How many layers of muscle are present in the stomach?

For optimal absorption of nutrients, it is usually best to ____. ​

What is the primary cause of belching? ​

Digestive enzymes use water to break a molecule into smaller pieces, a process known as ____.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters

The primary function of the intestinal microvilli is to ____.

Lacteals are ____.

Which enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing the proteins in foods?

Within the intestinal villi crypts, ____.

After swallowing, in which order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract?

Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of from the .

Which statement describes the muscular contractions of the GI tract?

After consuming a slice a pizza, carbohydrate digestion will begin in the mouth, and then continue in the small intestine. Why does carbohydrate digestion cease in the stomach?

For optimal absorption of nutrients, it is usually best to ____.

What is the primary cause of belching?