Question 1

What form of tocopherol shows vitamin E activity in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) delta 
A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) delta A

Question 2

What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency? ​

Accepted Answer

A) adults 
B) elderly 
C) newborns 
D) teenagers 
A) adults 
B) elderly 
C) newborns 
D) teenagers C

Question 3

What is a free radical? ​

Accepted Answer

A) an antioxidant substance that prevents accumulation of cell-damaging oxides 
B) a substance in food that interacts with nutrients to decrease their utilization 
C) a nutrient in excess of body needs that the body is free to degrade with no consequence 
D) a molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons 
A) an antioxidant substance that prevents accumulation of cell-damaging oxides 
B) a substance in food that interacts with nutrients to decrease their utilization 
C) a nutrient in excess of body needs that the body is free to degrade with no consequence 
D) a molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons D

Question 4

Which symptom would indicate a vitamin D deficiency? ​

Accepted Answer

A) bowed legs 
B) rupture of red blood cells 
C) frequent respiratory infections 
D) abnormally high blood calcium level 
A) bowed legs 
B) rupture of red blood cells 
C) frequent respiratory infections 
D) abnormally high blood calcium level

Question 5

Explain how rhodopsin is involved in vision. ​

Accepted Answer

Rhodopsin is comprised of a protein call

Question 6

Which statement describes an association between vitamin A and vision? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Retinoic acid is the form required for synthesis of retinoblasts. 
B) Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration. 
C) Retinol is the form bound to beta-carotene in the corneal membrane. 
D) Pigment molecules in the retina are composed of a molecule of vitamin A bound to an omega-3 fatty acid. 
A) Retinoic acid is the form required for synthesis of retinoblasts. 
B) Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration. 
C) Retinol is the form bound to beta-carotene in the corneal membrane. 
D) Pigment molecules in the retina are composed of a molecule of vitamin A bound to an omega-3 fatty acid.

Question 7

Which type of food is a major source of vitamin E in the diet? ​

Accepted Answer

A) meats 
B) citrus fruits 
C) vegetable oils 
D) milk and dairy products 
A) meats 
B) citrus fruits 
C) vegetable oils 
D) milk and dairy products

Question 8

What is/are the main function(s)of vitamin D? ​

Accepted Answer

A) ​It  promotes secretion of calcitonin. 
B) ​It  promotes synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol. 
C) ​It  promotes synthesis of carotenoids and controls absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. 
D) ​It  promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone. 
A) ​It  promotes secretion of calcitonin. 
B) ​It  promotes synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol. 
C) ​It  promotes synthesis of carotenoids and controls absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. 
D) ​It  promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone.

Question 9

How many micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are equivalent to 1 retinol activity equivalent? ​

Accepted Answer

A) ​2 
B) ​4 
C) ​8 
D) ​12 
A) ​2 
B) ​4 
C) ​8 
D) ​12

Question 10

Your sister Ellen has just joined the Peace Corps and will be working on ways to improve the nutritional status of children in Indonesia. Once there, she saw that many of the children and some adults suffer from night blindness. Which food should she recommend be incorporated into the Indonesian diet to help prevent future generations from developing this condition? ​

Accepted Answer

A) sweet potato 
B) orange juice 
C) peanut butter 
D) powdered skim milk 
A) sweet potato 
B) orange juice 
C) peanut butter 
D) powdered skim milk

Question 11

What is a feature of vitamin E? ​

Accepted Answer

A) It functions as a hormone-like substance. 
B) Toxicity symptoms include bone abnormalities. 
C) Deficiencies occur from inability to absorb dietary lipids. 
D) Important food sources include enriched breads and pasta. 
A) It functions as a hormone-like substance. 
B) Toxicity symptoms include bone abnormalities. 
C) Deficiencies occur from inability to absorb dietary lipids. 
D) Important food sources include enriched breads and pasta.

Question 12

Why are primary vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings? ​

Accepted Answer

A) The vitamin is not essential. 
B) The vitamin is widespread in foods. 
C) Most people take vitamin E supplements. 
D) The vitamin can be synthesized by the body. 
A) The vitamin is not essential. 
B) The vitamin is widespread in foods. 
C) Most people take vitamin E supplements. 
D) The vitamin can be synthesized by the body.

Question 13

What is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Most of them are synthesized by intestinal bacteria. 
B) Intestinal transport occurs by way of the portal circulation. 
C) Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet. 
D) Toxicity risk is higher for vitamins E and K than for other fat-soluble vitamins. 
A) Most of them are synthesized by intestinal bacteria. 
B) Intestinal transport occurs by way of the portal circulation. 
C) Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet. 
D) Toxicity risk is higher for vitamins E and K than for other fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 14

Which molecule is a major form of vitamin K in foods? ​

Accepted Answer

A) ergodione 
B) ergoquinone 
C) tocopherone 
D) phylloquinone 
A) ergodione 
B) ergoquinone 
C) tocopherone 
D) phylloquinone

Question 15

What is a feature of vitamin A in foods? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Carotenoid absorption is inhibited by foods rich in chlorophyll. 
B) Margarine made from corn oil is a poor source of vitamin A. 
C) Most carotenoids can be converted in the body to active vitamin A. 
D) Chlorophyll in dark green leafy vegetables masks the presence of beta-carotene. 
A) Carotenoid absorption is inhibited by foods rich in chlorophyll. 
B) Margarine made from corn oil is a poor source of vitamin A. 
C) Most carotenoids can be converted in the body to active vitamin A. 
D) Chlorophyll in dark green leafy vegetables masks the presence of beta-carotene.

Question 16

What is a feature of osteocalcin? ​

Accepted Answer

A) It activates lysosomes involved in remodeling bone. 
B) It binds calcium in the GI tract to enhance absorption. 
C) It requires vitamin K to bind to bone-forming minerals. 
D) It works synergistically with the kidneys to reduce urinary calcium excretion. 
A) It activates lysosomes involved in remodeling bone. 
B) It binds calcium in the GI tract to enhance absorption. 
C) It requires vitamin K to bind to bone-forming minerals. 
D) It works synergistically with the kidneys to reduce urinary calcium excretion.

Question 17

Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) ​A 
B) ​E 
C) ​K 
D) ​D 
A) ​A 
B) ​E 
C) ​K 
D) ​D

Question 18

What part of the body is affected most by keratomalacia? ​

Accepted Answer

A) bone 
B) liver 
C) cornea 
D) immune cells 
A) bone 
B) liver 
C) cornea 
D) immune cells

Question 19

What is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet? ​

Accepted Answer

A) meat 
B) fortified milk 
C) fruits and vegetables 
D) enriched breads and cereals 
A) meat 
B) fortified milk 
C) fruits and vegetables 
D) enriched breads and cereals

Question 20

Which individual would be most likely to develop a vitamin A toxicity? ​

Accepted Answer

A) adolescent women 
B) overweight adults 
C) those taking vitamin A supplements 
D) those consuming more than 100 g of carrots daily 
A) adolescent women 
B) overweight adults 
C) those taking vitamin A supplements 
D) those consuming more than 100 g of carrots daily

Exam 11: The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

What form of tocopherol shows vitamin E activity in the human body?

What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency? ​

What is a free radical? ​

Which symptom would indicate a vitamin D deficiency? ​

Explain how rhodopsin is involved in vision. ​

Which statement describes an association between vitamin A and vision? ​

Which type of food is a major source of vitamin E in the diet? ​

What is/are the main function(s)of vitamin D? ​

How many micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are equivalent to 1 retinol activity equivalent? ​

What is a feature of vitamin E? ​

Why are primary vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings? ​

What is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins? ​

Which molecule is a major form of vitamin K in foods? ​

What is a feature of vitamin A in foods? ​

What is a feature of osteocalcin? ​

Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin ____. ​

What part of the body is affected most by keratomalacia? ​

What is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet? ​

Which individual would be most likely to develop a vitamin A toxicity? ​

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters

What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?

What is a free radical?

Which symptom would indicate a vitamin D deficiency?

Explain how rhodopsin is involved in vision.

Which statement describes an association between vitamin A and vision?

Which type of food is a major source of vitamin E in the diet?

What is/are the main function(s)of vitamin D?

How many micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are equivalent to 1 retinol activity equivalent?

What is a feature of vitamin E?

Why are primary vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings?

What is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Which molecule is a major form of vitamin K in foods?

What is a feature of vitamin A in foods?

What is a feature of osteocalcin?

Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin ____.

What part of the body is affected most by keratomalacia?

What is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet?

Which individual would be most likely to develop a vitamin A toxicity?