Question 1

Long-term use of pharmaceutical forms of cortisol (cortisone, prednisone) results in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  thickening of the skin 
B)  dehydration 
C)  hypothyroidism 
D)  early osteoporosis 
A)  thickening of the skin 
B)  dehydration 
C)  hypothyroidism 
D)  early osteoporosis

Question 2

Patients who have SIRS that persists for more than ____ are more likely to develop MODS.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 hours 
B)  1 day 
C)  48 hours 
D)  3 days 
A)  4 hours 
B)  1 day 
C)  48 hours 
D)  3 days

Question 3

The inflammatory response begins with the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of cellular debris by immune cells 
B)  dilation of arterioles and capillaries at the site of injury 
C)  destruction of microorganisms by phagocytes 
D)  release of inflammatory mediators from damaged tissue 
A)  removal of cellular debris by immune cells 
B)  dilation of arterioles and capillaries at the site of injury 
C)  destruction of microorganisms by phagocytes 
D)  release of inflammatory mediators from damaged tissue

Question 4

Describe factors that decrease food intake in patients with lung disease.

Accepted Answer

Some medical problems upset the process

Question 5

What is the suggested kcalorie intake for hypocaloric feedings for critically ill obese patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 8 kcal/kg actual body weight 
B)  8 to 10 kcal/kg actual body weight 
C)  11 to 14 kcal/kg actual body weight 
D)  15 to 18 kcal/kg actual body weight 
A)  5 to 8 kcal/kg actual body weight 
B)  8 to 10 kcal/kg actual body weight 
C)  11 to 14 kcal/kg actual body weight 
D)  15 to 18 kcal/kg actual body weight

Question 6

Which treatment is most often used to manage MODS?

Accepted Answer

A)  surgery 
B)  mechanical ventilation 
C)  induced hypothermia 
D)  membrane oxygenation 
A)  surgery 
B)  mechanical ventilation 
C)  induced hypothermia 
D)  membrane oxygenation

Question 7

Which hormone(s) is/are referred to as the "fight-or-flight" hormone(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  catecholamines 
B)  glucagon 
C)  cortisol 
D)  aldosterone 
A)  catecholamines 
B)  glucagon 
C)  cortisol 
D)  aldosterone

Question 8

The complication that results from rapid overfeeding of an acutely stressed patient is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotension 
B)  refeeding syndrome 
C)  ketoacidosis 
D)  tachycardia 
A)  hypotension 
B)  refeeding syndrome 
C)  ketoacidosis 
D)  tachycardia

Question 9

Protein intake should average ____ percent of total calories for clients with burns greater than 10% of TBSA.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  15 
C)  25 
D)  30 
A)  10 
B)  15 
C)  25 
D)  30

Question 10

Chemical mediators that control the inflammatory process are released from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord 
B)  damaged tissues, blood vessels, and activated immune cells 
C)  the adrenal and pituitary glands 
D)  adipose and muscle tissue 
A)  the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord 
B)  damaged tissues, blood vessels, and activated immune cells 
C)  the adrenal and pituitary glands 
D)  adipose and muscle tissue

Question 11

Cytokines are proteins that help regulate ____ development and activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  immune system 
B)  oxygen 
C)  hormonal 
D)  GI tract 
A)  immune system 
B)  oxygen 
C)  hormonal 
D)  GI tract

Question 12

The accumulation of pus is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  erysipelas 
B)  impetigo 
C)  an abscess 
D)  cellulitis 
A)  erysipelas 
B)  impetigo 
C)  an abscess 
D)  cellulitis

Question 13

Case Study Questions  
Forty-three-year-old Joseph Delgado is an electrician for a utility company. His medical history is unremarkable, with no problems. He is admitted to the ICU (intensive care unit) with severe electrical burns to his hands, arms, and chest (20 to 30% of body surface area).
-The nurse orders a nutrition consult because of Joseph's poor intake. What is UNLIKELY to be related to his low intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  pain 
B)  sedation 
C)  feeding problems 
D)  positive nitrogen balance 
A)  pain 
B)  sedation 
C)  feeding problems 
D)  positive nitrogen balance

Question 14

A patient with chronic COPD might benefit from which recommendation to help increase food intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  eating large meals 
B)  consuming liquids with meals rather than between meals 
C)  eating quickly 
D)  using supplemental oxygen at mealtimes 
A)  eating large meals 
B)  consuming liquids with meals rather than between meals 
C)  eating quickly 
D)  using supplemental oxygen at mealtimes

Exam 22: Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Long-term use of pharmaceutical forms of cortisol (cortisone, prednisone) results in ____.

Patients who have SIRS that persists for more than ____ are more likely to develop MODS.

The inflammatory response begins with the ____.

Describe factors that decrease food intake in patients with lung disease.

What is the suggested kcalorie intake for hypocaloric feedings for critically ill obese patients?

Which treatment is most often used to manage MODS?

Which hormone(s) is/are referred to as the "fight-or-flight" hormone(s)?

The complication that results from rapid overfeeding of an acutely stressed patient is ____.

Protein intake should average ____ percent of total calories for clients with burns greater than 10% of TBSA.

Chemical mediators that control the inflammatory process are released from ____.

Cytokines are proteins that help regulate ____ development and activity.

The accumulation of pus is known as ____.

A patient with chronic COPD might benefit from which recommendation to help increase food intake?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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