Question 1

Which of the following is true about excess protein intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  The extra protein is used to grow muscle. 
B)  The extra protein is stored in the liver. 
C)  The extra protein is converted to lactate. 
D)  Protein oxidation is increased. 
E)  The excess protein is stored in several larger muscle groups. 
A)  The extra protein is used to grow muscle. 
B)  The extra protein is stored in the liver. 
C)  The extra protein is converted to lactate. 
D)  Protein oxidation is increased. 
E)  The excess protein is stored in several larger muscle groups. D

Question 2

Chronic alcohol abuse has the most dramatic effect on the B vitamin ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  folate 
B)  riboflavin 
C)  B12 
D)  B6 
E)  biotin 
A)  folate 
B)  riboflavin 
C)  B12 
D)  B6 
E)  biotin A

Question 3

Once acetyl CoA is formed, it has two main options: to generate ATP or to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  convert to urea 
B)  make glucose 
C)  make fats 
D)  convert to ammonia 
E)  turn to carbon dioxide 
A)  convert to urea 
B)  make glucose 
C)  make fats 
D)  convert to ammonia 
E)  turn to carbon dioxide C

Question 4

In which process are the mitochondria of the cells involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of pyruvate to ATP 
B)  lipid synthesis 
C)  vitamin and mineral synthesis 
D)  cholesterol synthesis 
E)  hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose 
A)  conversion of pyruvate to ATP 
B)  lipid synthesis 
C)  vitamin and mineral synthesis 
D)  cholesterol synthesis 
E)  hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose

Question 5

After about 10 days of fasting, which one of these compounds will be the nervous system's main fuel provider?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone bodies 
B)  glycerol 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  amino acids 
E)  protein 
A)  ketone bodies 
B)  glycerol 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  amino acids 
E)  protein

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT among the primary functions of the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of urea 
B)  synthesis of glycogen 
C)  production of red blood cells 
D)  conversion of fructose to fatty acids 
E)  detoxification of alcohol and drugs. 
A)  synthesis of urea 
B)  synthesis of glycogen 
C)  production of red blood cells 
D)  conversion of fructose to fatty acids 
E)  detoxification of alcohol and drugs.

Question 7

How soon would death occur from starvation if the body was unable to shift to a state of ketosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  within 3 weeks 
B)  1 month 
C)  2 months 
D)  3 to 4 months 
E)  About 6 months 
A)  within 3 weeks 
B)  1 month 
C)  2 months 
D)  3 to 4 months 
E)  About 6 months

Question 8

How does the electron transport chain function in the synthesis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain captures en

Question 9

The conversion of energy from food to ATP energy occurs with an efficiency rate of about________.

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  65% 
C)  75% 
D)  90% 
E)  100% 
A)  50% 
B)  65% 
C)  75% 
D)  90% 
E)  100%

Question 10

In the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which compound is involved in both the first and the last step?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  oxaloacetate 
C)  lactate 
D)  ketones 
E)  carbon dioxide 
A)  glucose 
B)  oxaloacetate 
C)  lactate 
D)  ketones 
E)  carbon dioxide

Question 11

In which process is the cytoplasm involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid synthesis 
B)  protein synthesis 
C)  electron transport chain 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  oxidation 
A)  lipid synthesis 
B)  protein synthesis 
C)  electron transport chain 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  oxidation

Question 12

Describe the two major pathways for metabolism of alcohol in the liver. How does the liver adapt when forced to metabolize high quantities of alcohol on a daily basis?

Accepted Answer

The liver is the primary site of alcohol

Question 13

In photosynthesis, a plant uses energy from the sun plus water and carbon dioxide; the end product comprises

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates only. 
B)  fats and carbohydrates only. 
C)  protein and carbohydrates only. 
D)  fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. 
A)  carbohydrates only. 
B)  fats and carbohydrates only. 
C)  protein and carbohydrates only. 
D)  fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Question 14

Which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactate 
B)  glycogen 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  oxaloacetate 
E)  glucose 
A)  lactate 
B)  glycogen 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  oxaloacetate 
E)  glucose

Question 15

During the first few days of a fast, amino acids provide about what percentage of the glucose the body needs to fuel itself?

Accepted Answer

A)  15% 
B)  25% 
C)  35% 
D)  75% 
E)  90% 
A)  15% 
B)  25% 
C)  35% 
D)  75% 
E)  90%

Question 16

What is the reason that fat yields more calories than carbohydrate or protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fat has few carbon-hydrogen bonds. 
B)  Fat contains many carbon-hydrogen bonds that can be readily oxidized. 
C)  Fat is not easily oxidized. 
D)  Fat undergoes many energy-requiring metabolic reactions, thereby increasing its energy yield. 
E)  Fat has a low ratio of carbon to hydrogen bonds. 
A)  Fat has few carbon-hydrogen bonds. 
B)  Fat contains many carbon-hydrogen bonds that can be readily oxidized. 
C)  Fat is not easily oxidized. 
D)  Fat undergoes many energy-requiring metabolic reactions, thereby increasing its energy yield. 
E)  Fat has a low ratio of carbon to hydrogen bonds.

Question 17

Describe the Cori cycle in three steps.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Working muscles break down most

Question 18

With regard to energy metabolism, which of the following statements is true about fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cannot make glucose. 
B)  They can make glucose. 
C)  They enter the same energy pathway as glucose. 
D)  They can convert to lactate. 
E)  They are metabolized via the Cori cycle. 
A)  They cannot make glucose. 
B)  They can make glucose. 
C)  They enter the same energy pathway as glucose. 
D)  They can convert to lactate. 
E)  They are metabolized via the Cori cycle.

Question 19

Which of these is an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen to glucose 
B)  amino acids to protein 
C)  energy release 
D)  protein to amino acids 
E)  triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol 
A)  glycogen to glucose 
B)  amino acids to protein 
C)  energy release 
D)  protein to amino acids 
E)  triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

Amino acids that enter the TCA cycle directly are considered ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenic 
B)  gluconeogenic 
C)  glucogenic 
D)  ketogenic 
E)  oxalates 
A)  glycogenic 
B)  gluconeogenic 
C)  glucogenic 
D)  ketogenic 
E)  oxalates

Exam 7: Energy Metabolism

Which of the following is true about excess protein intake?

Chronic alcohol abuse has the most dramatic effect on the B vitamin ________.

Once acetyl CoA is formed, it has two main options: to generate ATP or to _____.

In which process are the mitochondria of the cells involved?

After about 10 days of fasting, which one of these compounds will be the nervous system's main fuel provider?

Which of the following is NOT among the primary functions of the liver?

How soon would death occur from starvation if the body was unable to shift to a state of ketosis?

How does the electron transport chain function in the synthesis of ATP?

The conversion of energy from food to ATP energy occurs with an efficiency rate of about________.

In the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which compound is involved in both the first and the last step?

In which process is the cytoplasm involved?

Describe the two major pathways for metabolism of alcohol in the liver. How does the liver adapt when forced to metabolize high quantities of alcohol on a daily basis?

In photosynthesis, a plant uses energy from the sun plus water and carbon dioxide; the end product comprises

Which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients?

During the first few days of a fast, amino acids provide about what percentage of the glucose the body needs to fuel itself?

What is the reason that fat yields more calories than carbohydrate or protein?

Describe the Cori cycle in three steps.

With regard to energy metabolism, which of the following statements is true about fatty acids?

Which of these is an anabolic reaction?

Amino acids that enter the TCA cycle directly are considered ________.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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