Question 1

What is the UL for sodium for adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  750 mg 
B)  900 mg 
C)  1200 mg 
D)  2300 mg 
E)  3500 mg 
A)  750 mg 
B)  900 mg 
C)  1200 mg 
D)  2300 mg 
E)  3500 mg D

Question 2

Which of the following is a good source (are good sources) of dietary calcium?

Accepted Answer

A)  berries and pineapple 
B)  brown rice 
C)  salmon 
D)  broccoli and bok choy 
E)  dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and swiss chard 
A)  berries and pineapple 
B)  brown rice 
C)  salmon 
D)  broccoli and bok choy 
E)  dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and swiss chard D

Question 3

The greatest source of sodium in the diet is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  processed foods 
B)  unprocessed foods 
C)  natural salt content of foods 
D)  salt added during cooking 
E)  salt added at the table 
A)  processed foods 
B)  unprocessed foods 
C)  natural salt content of foods 
D)  salt added during cooking 
E)  salt added at the table A

Question 4

Blood calcium levels above normal results in __________

Accepted Answer

A)  stronger bones and teeth 
B)  weaker bones and teeth 
C)  calcium surplus 
D)  calcium rigor 
E)  calcium tetany 
A)  stronger bones and teeth 
B)  weaker bones and teeth 
C)  calcium surplus 
D)  calcium rigor 
E)  calcium tetany

Question 5

What does chloride do in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  participates in blood clotting 
B)  helps maintain gastric acidity 
C)  stabilizes protein shape 
D)  protects bone structures against degeneration 
E)  supports immune system functioning 
A)  participates in blood clotting 
B)  helps maintain gastric acidity 
C)  stabilizes protein shape 
D)  protects bone structures against degeneration 
E)  supports immune system functioning

Question 6

How do alcohol and smoking affect bone health?

Accepted Answer

Add bone damage to the list of ill conse

Question 7

Which of the following accurately describes magnesium as it relates to nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxicity is common in people taking diuretics. 
B)  High intakes erode tooth enamel. 
C)  Hard water has been shown to increase hypertension due to low levels of magnesium. 
D)  Average intakes from food are below recommendations. 
E)  There is no upper level for intake set for adults. 
A)  Toxicity is common in people taking diuretics. 
B)  High intakes erode tooth enamel. 
C)  Hard water has been shown to increase hypertension due to low levels of magnesium. 
D)  Average intakes from food are below recommendations. 
E)  There is no upper level for intake set for adults.

Question 8

What term describes water that resides between cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  diuretic fluid 
B)  interstitial fluid 
C)  intracellular fluid 
D)  intravascular fluid 
E)  avascular fluid 
A)  diuretic fluid 
B)  interstitial fluid 
C)  intracellular fluid 
D)  intravascular fluid 
E)  avascular fluid

Question 9

Which of the following accurately describes phosphorus as it relates to nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rich sources include fresh vegetables. 
B)  Dietary deficiencies are virtually unknown. 
C)  Soft drinks reduce absorption. 
D)  Toxicity is common among vegetarians and causes kidney failure. 
E)  Eggs and milk are relatively poor sources. 
A)  Rich sources include fresh vegetables. 
B)  Dietary deficiencies are virtually unknown. 
C)  Soft drinks reduce absorption. 
D)  Toxicity is common among vegetarians and causes kidney failure. 
E)  Eggs and milk are relatively poor sources.

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: Typical amount (in mL) of water lost from GI tract every day
Signals kidneys to retain sodium
An anion
Signals kidneys to retain water
Simple solution of sugar, salt, and water
A cation
Milligrams of chloride in 1 gram of table salt
Mineral present in the body as part of some proteins
Includes interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid
Mineral found in milk protein
Binder found in rhubarb
Hormone that regulates blood calcium
Age when peak bone mass is reached
Binder found in nuts and seeds
Water movement toward concentrated solutes
Enhances absorption of calcium
Most prevalent major mineral in the body
Accounts for 2/3 of the body's water
Percentage of lean tissue weight consisting of water
Crystals of calcium and phosphorus

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Chloride in solution and Aldosterone and Parathyroid is...

Question 11

Briefly describe the problems with too little intake and with too much water intake.

Accepted Answer

When too much water is lost from the bod

Question 12

Which of the following is an enzyme released from the kidneys in response to low blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensinogen 
B)  angiotensin 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  renin 
E)  aldosterone 
A)  angiotensinogen 
B)  angiotensin 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  renin 
E)  aldosterone

Question 13

A decreased concentration of sodium in the blood is known specifically as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertension 
B)  hyponatremia 
C)  hyperkalemia 
D)  water intoxication 
E)  hypodiuresis 
A)  hypertension 
B)  hyponatremia 
C)  hyperkalemia 
D)  water intoxication 
E)  hypodiuresis

Question 14

What is the term for the amount of pressure needed to prevent the movement of water across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotension 
B)  hypertension 
C)  osmotic pressure 
D)  solute pressure 
E)  centripetal pressure 
A)  hypotension 
B)  hypertension 
C)  osmotic pressure 
D)  solute pressure 
E)  centripetal pressure

Question 15

Which of the following accurately describes water balance and recommended intakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water intoxication is rare but can result in death. 
B)  Most water is lost in breathing through the lungs. 
C)  The first sign of dehydration is an increased respiratory rate. 
D)  The color of urine is used to diagnose a person's hydration status. 
E)  Liberal fluid intake, 2 liters or more, is recommended during times of heavy sweating. 
A)  Water intoxication is rare but can result in death. 
B)  Most water is lost in breathing through the lungs. 
C)  The first sign of dehydration is an increased respiratory rate. 
D)  The color of urine is used to diagnose a person's hydration status. 
E)  Liberal fluid intake, 2 liters or more, is recommended during times of heavy sweating.

Question 16

How do the kidneys regulate blood volume and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Fluids maintain the blood volume, which

Question 17

A bone condition in which bone loss is significant, but not as severe as in osteoporosis is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bone condition in which bone loss...

Question 18

On average, adults absorb ________ of the calcium they ingest.

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  30% 
C)  50% 
D)  65% 
E)  80% 
A)  20% 
B)  30% 
C)  50% 
D)  65% 
E)  80%

Question 19

Which of the following foods is high in potassium and low in sodium?

Accepted Answer

A)  canned cream corn 
B)  corn on the cob 
C)  instant banana pudding 
D)  frozen apple pie 
E)  corn flake cereal 
A)  canned cream corn 
B)  corn on the cob 
C)  instant banana pudding 
D)  frozen apple pie 
E)  corn flake cereal

Question 20

Potassium toxicity ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  can be caused by supplement overconsumption 
B)  can be caused by diuretics 
C)  is signaled by acute hypertension 
D)  results from overeating foods high in potassium 
E)  leads to kidney stones 
A)  can be caused by supplement overconsumption 
B)  can be caused by diuretics 
C)  is signaled by acute hypertension 
D)  results from overeating foods high in potassium 
E)  leads to kidney stones

Exam 12: Water and the Major Minerals

What is the UL for sodium for adults?

Which of the following is a good source (are good sources) of dietary calcium?

The greatest source of sodium in the diet is ________.

Blood calcium levels above normal results in __________

What does chloride do in the body?

How do alcohol and smoking affect bone health?

Which of the following accurately describes magnesium as it relates to nutrition?

What term describes water that resides between cells?

Which of the following accurately describes phosphorus as it relates to nutrition?

Briefly describe the problems with too little intake and with too much water intake.

Which of the following is an enzyme released from the kidneys in response to low blood pressure?

A decreased concentration of sodium in the blood is known specifically as ________.

What is the term for the amount of pressure needed to prevent the movement of water across a cell membrane?

Which of the following accurately describes water balance and recommended intakes?

How do the kidneys regulate blood volume and blood pressure?

A bone condition in which bone loss is significant, but not as severe as in osteoporosis is termed ________.

On average, adults absorb ________ of the calcium they ingest.

Which of the following foods is high in potassium and low in sodium?

Potassium toxicity ________.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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