Question 1

Diabetes mellitus causes about ____ of chronic kidney disease cases in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)  35% 
B)  45% 
C)  55% 
D)  65% 
A)  35% 
B)  45% 
C)  55% 
D)  65% B

Question 2

Charlie Which diet is the most appropriate for Charlie?

Accepted Answer

A)  high-kcalorie, high-protein 
B)  high-carbohydrate, high-fat 
C)  low-fat, low-carbohydrate 
D)  adequate-protein, low-sodium, low-fat 
A)  high-kcalorie, high-protein 
B)  high-carbohydrate, high-fat 
C)  low-fat, low-carbohydrate 
D)  adequate-protein, low-sodium, low-fat D

Question 3

The glucose absorbed from the dialysate used in peritoneal dialysis can provide as many as ____ kcalories daily.

Accepted Answer

A)  200 
B)  400 
C)  600 
D)  1000 
A)  200 
B)  400 
C)  600 
D)  1000 C

Question 4

Normal urine volume is approximately ____ mL per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  500 to 1000 
B)  1000 to 1500 
C)  1500 to 2000 
D)  2000 to 2500 
A)  500 to 1000 
B)  1000 to 1500 
C)  1500 to 2000 
D)  2000 to 2500

Question 5

The rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidney is normally about ____ mL/min in healthy adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  125 
A)  15 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  125

Question 6

Diets high in vitamin D and calcium are recommended for children with nephrotic syndrome to prevent ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi 
B)  marasmus 
C)  nephrosclerosis 
D)  rickets 
A)  beriberi 
B)  marasmus 
C)  nephrosclerosis 
D)  rickets

Question 7

Charlie Charlie is prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements to prevent ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid retention 
B)  rickets 
C)  osteopenia 
D)  renal failure 
A)  fluid retention 
B)  rickets 
C)  osteopenia 
D)  renal failure

Question 8

Why might patients with the nephrotic syndrome be advised to eat foods that are high in potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment with certain diuretics results in potassium loss. 
B)  Protein loss is typically accompanied by potassium loss. 
C)  They are unable to properly absorb potassium. 
D)  To reduce bone loss associated with low serum potassium. 
A)  Treatment with certain diuretics results in potassium loss. 
B)  Protein loss is typically accompanied by potassium loss. 
C)  They are unable to properly absorb potassium. 
D)  To reduce bone loss associated with low serum potassium.

Question 9

What best describes the function of the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  storing urine before it is excreted 
B)  Conducting urine from the kidneys to the bladder 
C)  transporting urine from the bladder to out side of the body 
D)  carrying blood from the kidneys back to the heart 
A)  storing urine before it is excreted 
B)  Conducting urine from the kidneys to the bladder 
C)  transporting urine from the bladder to out side of the body 
D)  carrying blood from the kidneys back to the heart

Question 10

In patients with reduced urine production, recovery from acute kidney injury begins with a period of ____, in which large amounts of fluid are excreted.

Accepted Answer

A)  catabolism 
B)  uremia 
C)  diuresis 
D)  oliguria 
A)  catabolism 
B)  uremia 
C)  diuresis 
D)  oliguria

Question 11

In the nephrotic syndrome, urinary protein losses generally average about ____ grams daily.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 to 3.5 
B)  5.5 to 6 
C)  9 to 10.5 
D)  11 to 12 
A)  3 to 3.5 
B)  5.5 to 6 
C)  9 to 10.5 
D)  11 to 12

Question 12

A patient whose height is 5 ft 9 in. and weight 185 lb is admitted to the hospital with acute kidney injury and is started on hemodialysis. What would be the recommended protein intake (in grams) for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  40 to 65 
B)  60 to 82 
C)  84 to 143 
D)  150 to 165 
A)  40 to 65 
B)  60 to 82 
C)  84 to 143 
D)  150 to 165

Question 13

What is an intrarenal cause of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  food poisoning due to Escherichia coli 
B)  pregnancy 
C)  blood clots 
D)  bladder rupture 
A)  food poisoning due to Escherichia coli 
B)  pregnancy 
C)  blood clots 
D)  bladder rupture

Question 14

The cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate is called "____."

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  the ureter 
C)  the collecting duct 
D)  the tubule 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  the ureter 
C)  the collecting duct 
D)  the tubule

Question 15

What is considered to be the best index of overall kidney function?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration rate 
B)  albumin levels 
C)  anemia 
D)  renal osteodystrophy 
A)  glomerular filtration rate 
B)  albumin levels 
C)  anemia 
D)  renal osteodystrophy

Question 16

Prior to his kidney transplant, John Miller was on dialysis and his sodium intake was restricted to 2000 mg daily. His blood pressure levels have averaged 140/90 mmHg. When Mr. Miller inquires if he should continue to restrict his sodium after his transplant, you reply, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  "Since your renal function has been restored, you will never need to restrict your sodium intake." 
B)  "Since your blood pressure is still elevated, you need to restrict your sodium level to 2.0 to 2.4 g/day." 
C)  "Since you are going to be on diuretics, there is no need to restrict sodium." 
D)  "Once you are on the immunosuppressants, you will no longer need to restrict sodium intake." 
A)  "Since your renal function has been restored, you will never need to restrict your sodium intake." 
B)  "Since your blood pressure is still elevated, you need to restrict your sodium level to 2.0 to 2.4 g/day." 
C)  "Since you are going to be on diuretics, there is no need to restrict sodium." 
D)  "Once you are on the immunosuppressants, you will no longer need to restrict sodium intake."

Question 17

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  combines parenteral nutrition with hemodialysis 
B)  substitutes parenteral nutrition for hemodialysis 
C)  substitutes hemodialysis for parenteral nutrition 
D)  delays the need for hemodialysis by manipulating nutrition 
A)  combines parenteral nutrition with hemodialysis 
B)  substitutes parenteral nutrition for hemodialysis 
C)  substitutes hemodialysis for parenteral nutrition 
D)  delays the need for hemodialysis by manipulating nutrition

Question 18

Acute kidney injury is characterized by reduced urine output coupled with a progressive rise in serum ___ levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia 
B)  creatinine 
C)  amino acids 
D)  lipids 
A)  ammonia 
B)  creatinine 
C)  amino acids 
D)  lipids

Question 19

A type of skin change that develops due to uremia from chronic kidney disease is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  maceration 
B)  pruritus 
C)  hives 
D)  diaphoresis 
A)  maceration 
B)  pruritus 
C)  hives 
D)  diaphoresis

Question 20

Which item is a high-potassium food?

Accepted Answer

A)  honeydew melon 
B)  watermelon 
C)  avocado 
D)  blueberries 
A)  honeydew melon 
B)  watermelon 
C)  avocado 
D)  blueberries

Exam 28: Kidney Diseases

Diabetes mellitus causes about ____ of chronic kidney disease cases in the United States.

Charlie Which diet is the most appropriate for Charlie?

The glucose absorbed from the dialysate used in peritoneal dialysis can provide as many as ____ kcalories daily.

Normal urine volume is approximately ____ mL per day.

The rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidney is normally about ____ mL/min in healthy adults.

Diets high in vitamin D and calcium are recommended for children with nephrotic syndrome to prevent ____.

Charlie Charlie is prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements to prevent ____.

Why might patients with the nephrotic syndrome be advised to eat foods that are high in potassium?

What best describes the function of the ureter?

In patients with reduced urine production, recovery from acute kidney injury begins with a period of ____, in which large amounts of fluid are excreted.

In the nephrotic syndrome, urinary protein losses generally average about ____ grams daily.

A patient whose height is 5 ft 9 in. and weight 185 lb is admitted to the hospital with acute kidney injury and is started on hemodialysis. What would be the recommended protein intake (in grams) for this patient?

What is an intrarenal cause of acute kidney injury?

The cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate is called "____."

What is considered to be the best index of overall kidney function?

Prior to his kidney transplant, John Miller was on dialysis and his sodium intake was restricted to 2000 mg daily. His blood pressure levels have averaged 140/90 mmHg. When Mr. Miller inquires if he should continue to restrict his sodium after his transplant, you reply, ____.

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition ____.

Acute kidney injury is characterized by reduced urine output coupled with a progressive rise in serum ___ levels.

A type of skin change that develops due to uremia from chronic kidney disease is ____.

Which item is a high-potassium food?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters