Question 1

Approximately ____ of patients with end-stage renal disease receive a kidney transplant.

Accepted Answer

A)  15% 
B)  20% 
C)  40% 
D)  55% 
A)  15% 
B)  20% 
C)  40% 
D)  55%

Question 2

In patients with the nephrotic syndrome, energy intake of about ____ kcal/kg of body weight daily will sustain weight and spare protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  25 
C)  35 
D)  45 
A)  15 
B)  25 
C)  35 
D)  45

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: excessive amounts of calcium in the urine
metabolic disorder that results in excessive uric acid in the blood and urine, and uric acid deposits in and around the joints causing acute joint inflammation
removal of fluids and wastes by using the peritoneal membrane as a filter
removal of fluids and wastes from blood by passing the blood through a dialyzer
blood in the urine
severe, stabbing pain that occurs when a kidney stone passes through the ureter
crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
excessive amounts of oxalate in the urine
cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; complications include fluid, electrolyte and hormonal imbalances, altered heart function, neuromuscular disturbances, and reduced immunity
end products of nucleotide metabolism that eventually degrade to uric acid
bone disorder in patients with chronic renal failure as a result of increased parathyroid hormone secretion, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidney
genetic disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cysteine
elevated serum potassium levels
slow, continuous method of removing solutes and fluid from blood by gently pumping blood across a filtration membrane over a prolonged period of time
elevated serum calcium levels

Accepted Answer

The Answer of peritoneal dialysis and Hypercalciuria and Renal osteodystrophy is...

Question 4

Which factor would most likely predispose a person to development of kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary obstruction 
B)  increased urine volume 
C)  decreased protein intake 
D)  administration of immunosuppressant medications 
A)  urinary obstruction 
B)  increased urine volume 
C)  decreased protein intake 
D)  administration of immunosuppressant medications

Question 5

In the nephrotic syndrome, the liver attempts to compensate for the loss in protein by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing its synthesis of various plasma proteins 
B)  decreasing glomerular permeability 
C)  increasing albumin levels 
D)  increasing its synthesis of various plasma proteins 
A)  decreasing its synthesis of various plasma proteins 
B)  decreasing glomerular permeability 
C)  increasing albumin levels 
D)  increasing its synthesis of various plasma proteins

Question 6

The most common method used to evaluate the adequacy of dialysis treatment is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood urea nitrogen 
B)  urea kinetic modeling 
C)  weighing a patient predialysis and postdialysis 
D)  self-report of fluid intake and output 
A)  blood urea nitrogen 
B)  urea kinetic modeling 
C)  weighing a patient predialysis and postdialysis 
D)  self-report of fluid intake and output

Question 7

Which treatment is used to dialyze patients with acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  peritoneal dialysis 
B)  hemodialysis 
C)  continuous renal replacement therapy 
D)  intermittent dialysis 
A)  peritoneal dialysis 
B)  hemodialysis 
C)  continuous renal replacement therapy 
D)  intermittent dialysis

Question 8

Nutrition therapy for the nephrotic syndrome focuses on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the fat content in the diet 
B)  preventing protein-energy malnutrition and alleviating edema 
C)  high protein and kcalorie intake 
D)  high sodium intake 
A)  increasing the fat content in the diet 
B)  preventing protein-energy malnutrition and alleviating edema 
C)  high protein and kcalorie intake 
D)  high sodium intake

Question 9

Charlie is a 2½-year-old boy with a history of asthma and allergies. He is on several maintenance medications. His parents rush him to the emergency department because of increased lethargy, high fever, edema, and foamy urine. His laboratory results reveal proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. What is Charlie suffering from?

Accepted Answer

A)  cystic fibrosis 
B)  type 1 diabetes 
C)  nephrotic syndrome 
D)  uremic syndrome 
A)  cystic fibrosis 
B)  type 1 diabetes 
C)  nephrotic syndrome 
D)  uremic syndrome

Question 10

Charlie Which part of Charlie's body is malfunctioning and causing this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  beta cells 
B)  neurons 
C)  lymphatic system 
D)  glomerulus 
A)  beta cells 
B)  neurons 
C)  lymphatic system 
D)  glomerulus

Question 11

Explain the nephrotic syndrome and the diet modifications used to treat it.

Accepted Answer

The nephrotic syndrome is not a specific

Question 12

Describe the events leading to the development of bone disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormo

Question 13

Jasmine Singh Jasmine has been diagnosed with a kidney stone. The blood in Jasmine's urine is most likely a result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  damage from the stone passing through the ureter 
B)  irritation of the lining of the rectum 
C)  infection from the stone obstructing the convoluted tubules 
D)  ketones in the urine from elevated glucose 
A)  damage from the stone passing through the ureter 
B)  irritation of the lining of the rectum 
C)  infection from the stone obstructing the convoluted tubules 
D)  ketones in the urine from elevated glucose

Question 14

Which interaction is associated with the use of immunosuppressants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol intake has the potential for toxic effects. 
B)  Bioavailability of medication is increased when the drug is taken with food. 
C)  Grapefruit juice can dangerously decrease serum concentrations of the medication. 
D)  Calcium and magnesium supplements must be taken separately. 
A)  Alcohol intake has the potential for toxic effects. 
B)  Bioavailability of medication is increased when the drug is taken with food. 
C)  Grapefruit juice can dangerously decrease serum concentrations of the medication. 
D)  Calcium and magnesium supplements must be taken separately.

Question 15

Jasmine Singh Which dietary factors are most important to prevent kidney stones in Jasmine's case?

Accepted Answer

A)  adequate calcium, moderate protein, controlled sodium 
B)  high protein/high kcalorie with fluid restriction 
C)  low purine with plenty of fluids 
D)  low protein with fluid restriction 
A)  adequate calcium, moderate protein, controlled sodium 
B)  high protein/high kcalorie with fluid restriction 
C)  low purine with plenty of fluids 
D)  low protein with fluid restriction

Question 16

What is a postrenal cause of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  infection 
B)  nephrotoxic drugs 
C)  pregnancy 
D)  heart attack 
A)  infection 
B)  nephrotoxic drugs 
C)  pregnancy 
D)  heart attack

Exam 28: Kidney Diseases

Approximately ____ of patients with end-stage renal disease receive a kidney transplant.

In patients with the nephrotic syndrome, energy intake of about ____ kcal/kg of body weight daily will sustain weight and spare protein.

Which factor would most likely predispose a person to development of kidney stones?

In the nephrotic syndrome, the liver attempts to compensate for the loss in protein by ____.

The most common method used to evaluate the adequacy of dialysis treatment is ____.

Which treatment is used to dialyze patients with acute kidney injury?

Nutrition therapy for the nephrotic syndrome focuses on ____.

Charlie Which part of Charlie's body is malfunctioning and causing this condition?

Explain the nephrotic syndrome and the diet modifications used to treat it.

Describe the events leading to the development of bone disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Jasmine Singh Jasmine has been diagnosed with a kidney stone. The blood in Jasmine's urine is most likely a result of ____.

Which interaction is associated with the use of immunosuppressants?

Jasmine Singh Which dietary factors are most important to prevent kidney stones in Jasmine's case?

What is a postrenal cause of acute kidney injury?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters