Question 1

What hormone secreted by the kidneys stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin 
B)  renin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  vasopressin 
A)  erythropoietin 
B)  renin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  vasopressin

Question 2

What is the percentage of sodium that comes from processed foods, unprocessed natural foods, and table salt respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  50, 40, 10 
B)  75, 10, 15 
C)  90, 5, 5 
D)  90, 0, 10 
A)  50, 40, 10 
B)  75, 10, 15 
C)  90, 5, 5 
D)  90, 0, 10

Question 3

Jasmine Singh Due to her history of hypercalciuria, Jasmine most likely has ____ stones.

Accepted Answer

A)  struvite 
B)  cystine 
C)  uric acid 
D)  calcium oxalate 
A)  struvite 
B)  cystine 
C)  uric acid 
D)  calcium oxalate

Question 4

Struvite stones are composed mainly of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  magnesium ammonium phosphate 
B)  bile acid salts 
C)  urinary citrate 
D)  purines 
A)  magnesium ammonium phosphate 
B)  bile acid salts 
C)  urinary citrate 
D)  purines

Question 5

Proteinuria due to nephrotic syndrome results in a loss of immunoglobulins, which increases the risk for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  edema 
B)  infection 
C)  wasting 
D)  hypertriglyceridemia 
A)  edema 
B)  infection 
C)  wasting 
D)  hypertriglyceridemia

Question 6

The removal of excess fluids and wastes from the blood using the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane is called "____."

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic dialysis 
B)  hemodialysis 
C)  peritoneal dialysis 
D)  acute dialysis 
A)  chronic dialysis 
B)  hemodialysis 
C)  peritoneal dialysis 
D)  acute dialysis

Question 7

Daily sodium intake should be restricted to about ____ grams for patients with the nephrotic syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 to 1.0 
B)  1.0 to 2.0 
C)  2.0 to 3.0 
D)  3.0 to 4.0 
A)  0.5 to 1.0 
B)  1.0 to 2.0 
C)  2.0 to 3.0 
D)  3.0 to 4.0

Question 8

Daniel is a 10-year-old boy who has just been diagnosed with the nephrotic syndrome. Which condition might he develop as a result?

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi 
B)  pellagra 
C)  anemia 
D)  rickets 
A)  beriberi 
B)  pellagra 
C)  anemia 
D)  rickets

Question 9

For patients with nephrotic syndrome, the recommended daily protein intake is ____ g/kg of body weight.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.4 to 0.6 
B)  0.6 to 0.8 
C)  0.8 to 1.0 
D)  1.0 to 1.2 
A)  0.4 to 0.6 
B)  0.6 to 0.8 
C)  0.8 to 1.0 
D)  1.0 to 1.2

Question 10

One large egg contains about ____ mg of sodium.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  40 
C)  60 
D)  200 
A)  10 
B)  40 
C)  60 
D)  200

Question 11

Which food is high in phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)  gelatin 
B)  apple 
C)  chocolate 
D)  fish 
A)  gelatin 
B)  apple 
C)  chocolate 
D)  fish

Question 12

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin 
B)  immunoglobulins 
C)  vitamin D-binding protein 
D)  transferrin 
A)  albumin 
B)  immunoglobulins 
C)  vitamin D-binding protein 
D)  transferrin

Question 13

Explain how chronic kidney disease can lead to cardiovascular complications.

Accepted Answer

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances result

Question 14

Jasmine Singh During flu season Jasmine wants to take high-dose vitamin C supplements as prophylaxis. What is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Take 2000-mg vitamin C supplements twice daily 
B)  Take a combination of vitamin C supplements and food sources of vitamin C 
C)  Avoid vitamin C supplements, since they degrade to oxalate, which increases the risk for stones 
D)  Take high-dose vitamin D supplements along with vitamin C 
A)  Take 2000-mg vitamin C supplements twice daily 
B)  Take a combination of vitamin C supplements and food sources of vitamin C 
C)  Avoid vitamin C supplements, since they degrade to oxalate, which increases the risk for stones 
D)  Take high-dose vitamin D supplements along with vitamin C

Question 15

To regulate blood pressure, the kidneys secrete ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  renin 
D)  vasopressin 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  renin 
D)  vasopressin

Question 16

A high-protein diet for a client with the nephrotic syndrome is contraindicated because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein foods are usually high in fat 
B)  energy requirements are decreased with nephrotic syndrome 
C)  high protein intakes may exacerbate urinary protein losses and further damage the kidney 
D)  protein levels in nephrotic syndrome are not altered 
A)  protein foods are usually high in fat 
B)  energy requirements are decreased with nephrotic syndrome 
C)  high protein intakes may exacerbate urinary protein losses and further damage the kidney 
D)  protein levels in nephrotic syndrome are not altered

Question 17

A consequence of the nephrotic syndrome is the loss of plasma proteins in the urine, which contributes to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased risk of blood clotting 
B)  a fluid shift from interstitial spaces to blood plasma 
C)  an increased risk of vitamin D toxicity 
D)  Anabolic buildup of muscle mass 
A)  an increased risk of blood clotting 
B)  a fluid shift from interstitial spaces to blood plasma 
C)  an increased risk of vitamin D toxicity 
D)  Anabolic buildup of muscle mass

Question 18

Billy Lewis is a 20-year-old man admitted to the hospital with the nephrotic syndrome. He is 5 ft 11 in., weighs 192 lb, and has edema. His blood values include albumin 1.7 g/dL, K  +  3.3 mEq/L, and LDL cholesterol 192 mg/dL. He says he is hungry and wants a snack. The most appropriate food choice is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sausage biscuit 
B)  a grilled chicken sandwich with lettuce and tomato 
C)  peanut butter and crackers 
D)  cottage cheese and canned fruit 
A)  a sausage biscuit 
B)  a grilled chicken sandwich with lettuce and tomato 
C)  peanut butter and crackers 
D)  cottage cheese and canned fruit

Question 19

Which item contributes to high uric acid levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxalate 
B)  purines 
C)  cystine 
D)  magnesium 
A)  oxalate 
B)  purines 
C)  cystine 
D)  magnesium

Question 20

What is a prerenal cause of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart failure 
B)  sickle cell disease 
C)  diabetes mellitus 
D)  pregnancy 
A)  heart failure 
B)  sickle cell disease 
C)  diabetes mellitus 
D)  pregnancy

Exam 28: Kidney Diseases

What hormone secreted by the kidneys stimulates the production of red blood cells?

What is the percentage of sodium that comes from processed foods, unprocessed natural foods, and table salt respectively?

Jasmine Singh Due to her history of hypercalciuria, Jasmine most likely has ____ stones.

Struvite stones are composed mainly of ____.

Proteinuria due to nephrotic syndrome results in a loss of immunoglobulins, which increases the risk for ____.

The removal of excess fluids and wastes from the blood using the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane is called "____."

Daily sodium intake should be restricted to about ____ grams for patients with the nephrotic syndrome.

Daniel is a 10-year-old boy who has just been diagnosed with the nephrotic syndrome. Which condition might he develop as a result?

For patients with nephrotic syndrome, the recommended daily protein intake is ____ g/kg of body weight.

One large egg contains about ____ mg of sodium.

Which food is high in phosphorus?

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

Explain how chronic kidney disease can lead to cardiovascular complications.

Jasmine Singh During flu season Jasmine wants to take high-dose vitamin C supplements as prophylaxis. What is the most appropriate response?

To regulate blood pressure, the kidneys secrete ____.

A high-protein diet for a client with the nephrotic syndrome is contraindicated because ____.

A consequence of the nephrotic syndrome is the loss of plasma proteins in the urine, which contributes to ____.

Which item contributes to high uric acid levels?

What is a prerenal cause of acute kidney injury?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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