Question 1

Describe the acute inflammatory process in response to an injury or illness.

Accepted Answer

The inflammatory response begins with th

Question 2

Discuss the micronutrient needs in patients with metabolic stress, including the increased need for certain nutrients and their specific role in the healing process.

Accepted Answer

Notable metabolic changes in patients un

Question 3

______ is/are considered the best clinical indicator of acute-phase inflammation response

Accepted Answer

A)  C-reactive protein 
B)  Hepcidin 
C)  Prealbumin 
D)  Eicosanoids 
A)  C-reactive protein 
B)  Hepcidin 
C)  Prealbumin 
D)  Eicosanoids

Question 4

In what way does advancing age contribute to development of MODS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older adults do not understand what measures to take to prevent MODS. 
B)  Older adults take more medications that can cause side effects that lead to MODS. 
C)  Older adults are prone to infection because of increased skin thickening. 
D)  Older adults are less able to deal with the stress of critical illness. 
A)  Older adults do not understand what measures to take to prevent MODS. 
B)  Older adults take more medications that can cause side effects that lead to MODS. 
C)  Older adults are prone to infection because of increased skin thickening. 
D)  Older adults are less able to deal with the stress of critical illness.

Question 5

Discuss the factors that influence the development of multiple organ failure.

Accepted Answer

Shock can impair numerous organ systems.

Question 6

An estimate of the daily energy needs of a 70-kg man who is critically ill would be ____ kcalories.

Accepted Answer

A)  1050 to 1400 
B)  1750 to 2100 
C)  2450 to 2800 
D)  3150 to 3500 
A)  1050 to 1400 
B)  1750 to 2100 
C)  2450 to 2800 
D)  3150 to 3500

Question 7

Describe the factors associated with hormonal responses to severe stress.

Accepted Answer

The stress response is mediated by sever

Question 8

When parenteral nutrition is necessary for critically ill patients, dextrose is limited to ____ milligrams per kilogram of body weight per minute to prevent hyperglycemia.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  15 
A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  15

Question 9

Case Study Questions  
Forty-three-year-old Joseph Delgado is an electrician for a utility company. His medical history is unremarkable, with no problems. He is admitted to the ICU (intensive care unit) with severe electrical burns to his hands, arms, and chest (20 to 30% of body surface area).
-The registered dietitian is completing her initial assessment for Mr. Delgado. When estimating his energy needs she selects ____ for his stress factor.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 
B)  1.4 
C)  1.8 
D)  2.2 
A)  1.0 
B)  1.4 
C)  1.8 
D)  2.2

Question 10

Support of heart and blood vessel function during treatment of MODS is characterized by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  medications to maintain normal body temperature 
B)  fluid resuscitation 
C)  central venous access to administer antibiotics 
D)  mechanical ventilation 
A)  medications to maintain normal body temperature 
B)  fluid resuscitation 
C)  central venous access to administer antibiotics 
D)  mechanical ventilation

Question 11

For acutely ill patients with a functional GI tract, enteral feedings started in the first ____ hours after hospitalizations are associated with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 to 24 
B)  24 to 48 
C)  48 to 72 
D)  72 to 96 
A)  12 to 24 
B)  24 to 48 
C)  48 to 72 
D)  72 to 96

Question 12

Enteral formulas specifically for patients with COPD often contain more ____ than standard formulas.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  potassium 
C)  iron 
D)  fat 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  potassium 
C)  iron 
D)  fat

Question 13

What effects are most commonly seen when MODS causes lung failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial translocation 
B)  inability to maintain optimal gas exchange 
C)  inability to maintain electrolyte balance 
D)  increased oxygen saturation 
A)  bacterial translocation 
B)  inability to maintain optimal gas exchange 
C)  inability to maintain electrolyte balance 
D)  increased oxygen saturation

Question 14

Case Study Questions  
Forty-three-year-old Joseph Delgado is an electrician for a utility company. His medical history is unremarkable, with no problems. He is admitted to the ICU (intensive care unit) with severe electrical burns to his hands, arms, and chest (20 to 30% of body surface area).
-The most appropriate way to meet Joseph's nutritional needs is via ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  tube feedings 
B)  parenteral nutrition 
C)  a high-kcalorie/high-protein diet with six small meals/day 
D)  a high-kcalorie/high-protein diet with three large meals/day 
A)  tube feedings 
B)  parenteral nutrition 
C)  a high-kcalorie/high-protein diet with six small meals/day 
D)  a high-kcalorie/high-protein diet with three large meals/day

Question 15

What is a metabolic effect of hormones released during the stress response?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenesis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  lipogenesis 
D)  protein synthesis 
A)  glycogenesis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  lipogenesis 
D)  protein synthesis

Question 16

What would be the stress factor for acute kidney injury in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.1 
B)  1.2 
C)  1.3 
D)  1.4 
A)  1.1 
B)  1.2 
C)  1.3 
D)  1.4

Question 17

The principle infection associated with MODS is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gastroenteritis 
B)  acute kidney infection 
C)  a pressure ulcer 
D)  pneumonia 
A)  gastroenteritis 
B)  acute kidney infection 
C)  a pressure ulcer 
D)  pneumonia

Question 18

Explain how nutrition therapy is used in burn patients.

Accepted Answer

The nutrition prescription for burn pati

Question 19

Brandon is critically ill and is in the ICU. How many kcalories must be factored to determine Brandon's daily energy needs?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 to 20 kcal/kg body weight 
B)  25 to 30 kcal/kg body weight 
C)  30 to 35 kcal/kg body weight 
D)  35 to 38 kcal/kg body weight 
A)  15 to 20 kcal/kg body weight 
B)  25 to 30 kcal/kg body weight 
C)  30 to 35 kcal/kg body weight 
D)  35 to 38 kcal/kg body weight

Question 20

A disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury that threatens its normal and healthy functioning is called ____ stress.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic 
B)  severe 
C)  physiological 
D)  dysfunctional 
A)  metabolic 
B)  severe 
C)  physiological 
D)  dysfunctional

Exam 22: Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Describe the acute inflammatory process in response to an injury or illness.

Discuss the micronutrient needs in patients with metabolic stress, including the increased need for certain nutrients and their specific role in the healing process.

______ is/are considered the best clinical indicator of acute-phase inflammation response

In what way does advancing age contribute to development of MODS?

Discuss the factors that influence the development of multiple organ failure.

An estimate of the daily energy needs of a 70-kg man who is critically ill would be ____ kcalories.

Describe the factors associated with hormonal responses to severe stress.

When parenteral nutrition is necessary for critically ill patients, dextrose is limited to ____ milligrams per kilogram of body weight per minute to prevent hyperglycemia.

Support of heart and blood vessel function during treatment of MODS is characterized by ____.

For acutely ill patients with a functional GI tract, enteral feedings started in the first ____ hours after hospitalizations are associated with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays.

Enteral formulas specifically for patients with COPD often contain more ____ than standard formulas.

What effects are most commonly seen when MODS causes lung failure?

What is a metabolic effect of hormones released during the stress response?

What would be the stress factor for acute kidney injury in this patient?

The principle infection associated with MODS is ____.

Explain how nutrition therapy is used in burn patients.

Brandon is critically ill and is in the ICU. How many kcalories must be factored to determine Brandon's daily energy needs?

A disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury that threatens its normal and healthy functioning is called ____ stress.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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