Question 1

Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillin is not toxic to gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  Penicillin is pushed away from the cell membrane by the fimbriae. 
C)  Gram-negative bacterial do not have receptors for penicillin to attach to. 
D)  Gram-negative bacteria do not have channels or pores in its membrane for penicillin to pass through. 
E)  Penicillin cannot reach the thin peptidoglycan layer easily because it is protected by the bacteria's outer membrane. 
A)  Penicillin is not toxic to gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  Penicillin is pushed away from the cell membrane by the fimbriae. 
C)  Gram-negative bacterial do not have receptors for penicillin to attach to. 
D)  Gram-negative bacteria do not have channels or pores in its membrane for penicillin to pass through. 
E)  Penicillin cannot reach the thin peptidoglycan layer easily because it is protected by the bacteria's outer membrane.

Question 2

Fimbriae are only visible with the use of an electron microscope.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A bacterial cell wall is made up of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  N-acetyl glucosamine 
B)  N-acetyl muramic acid 
C)  N-acetyl amino acids 
D)  N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid, and amino acids 
E)  N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid, and amino acids and acidic acids 
A)  N-acetyl glucosamine 
B)  N-acetyl muramic acid 
C)  N-acetyl amino acids 
D)  N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid, and amino acids 
E)  N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid, and amino acids and acidic acids

Question 4

Which statement about biofilms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biofilms are formed by bacteria living in a watery environment. 
B)  Biofilms enable bacteria to attach to solid surfaces. 
C)  Biofilm may develop on surgical implants. 
D)  Biofilms are usually less than 2 μm thick. 
E)  An example of biofilm is dental plaque. 
A)  Biofilms are formed by bacteria living in a watery environment. 
B)  Biofilms enable bacteria to attach to solid surfaces. 
C)  Biofilm may develop on surgical implants. 
D)  Biofilms are usually less than 2 μm thick. 
E)  An example of biofilm is dental plaque.

Question 5

Which statement about bioremediation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methogens are used in sewage treatment. 
B)  When bacteria break down toxins, they leave behind harmless byproducts. 
C)  Very few species of bacteria are used to clean up various forms of pollution. 
D)  Bacteria and other microorganisms are used to break down oil from oil spills. 
E)  The byproducts of microorganisms breaking down toxins are often carbon dioxide and chlorides. 
A)  Methogens are used in sewage treatment. 
B)  When bacteria break down toxins, they leave behind harmless byproducts. 
C)  Very few species of bacteria are used to clean up various forms of pollution. 
D)  Bacteria and other microorganisms are used to break down oil from oil spills. 
E)  The byproducts of microorganisms breaking down toxins are often carbon dioxide and chlorides.

Question 6

List the characteristics of the Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya and identify examples for each.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary, but should include th

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: Actinomycetes

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Contain chlorophyll and Resemble fungi and Contain is...

Question 8

Most bacterial cells can keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a stiff capsule. 
B)  a rigid cell wall. 
C)  a tough cell membrane. 
D)  an efficient water pump. 
E)  pumping large quantities of salts into the cell. 
A)  a stiff capsule. 
B)  a rigid cell wall. 
C)  a tough cell membrane. 
D)  an efficient water pump. 
E)  pumping large quantities of salts into the cell.

Question 9

Crenarchaeota are also called:

Accepted Answer

A)  haemophilus bacteria. 
B)  bacillus bacteria. 
C)  sulfur bacteria. 
D)  vibrio bacteria. 
E)  neisseria bacteria. 
A)  haemophilus bacteria. 
B)  bacillus bacteria. 
C)  sulfur bacteria. 
D)  vibrio bacteria. 
E)  neisseria bacteria.

Question 10

Prokaryotes divide using a process called________.

Accepted Answer

A)  baeocytis 
B)  cell division 
C)  binary fission 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  conjugation 
A)  baeocytis 
B)  cell division 
C)  binary fission 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  conjugation

Question 11

What are Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  A set of rules on how to treat a disease 
B)  A set of theories that explains how a bacteria can cause a disease 
C)  A set of rules that provide a classification system of disease-causing bacteria 
D)  A set of guidelines to follow in order to isolate a particular bacteria from an infected organism 
E)  A set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms 
A)  A set of rules on how to treat a disease 
B)  A set of theories that explains how a bacteria can cause a disease 
C)  A set of rules that provide a classification system of disease-causing bacteria 
D)  A set of guidelines to follow in order to isolate a particular bacteria from an infected organism 
E)  A set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms

Question 12

Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vibrio 
B)  Bacilli 
C)  Diplococci 
D)  Spirochete 
E)  Streptococci 
A)  Vibrio 
B)  Bacilli 
C)  Diplococci 
D)  Spirochete 
E)  Streptococci

Question 13

Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes. 
B)  the cell wall. 
C)  the plasma membrane. 
D)  the nuclear membranes. 
E)  the endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  ribosomes. 
B)  the cell wall. 
C)  the plasma membrane. 
D)  the nuclear membranes. 
E)  the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ameboid motion. 
B)  their capsule or slime layer. 
C)  efficient use of their flagella. 
D)  changing their cell wall structure. 
E)  eliminating the use of a membrane. 
A)  ameboid motion. 
B)  their capsule or slime layer. 
C)  efficient use of their flagella. 
D)  changing their cell wall structure. 
E)  eliminating the use of a membrane.

Question 15

Bacterial conjugation is related to____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exotoxins 
B)  vertical gene transfer 
C)  binary fission 
D)  horizontal gene transfer 
E)  bacilli 
A)  exotoxins 
B)  vertical gene transfer 
C)  binary fission 
D)  horizontal gene transfer 
E)  bacilli

Question 16

Humans have __________ pairs of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  22 
B)  23 
C)  24 
D)  25 
E)  26 
A)  22 
B)  23 
C)  24 
D)  25 
E)  26

Question 17

Streptococci, the bacteria responsible for strep throat infections, is classified within which group of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spirochetes 
B)  Cyanobacteria 
C)  Alpha proteobacteria 
D)  Epsilon proteobacteria 
E)  Gram-negative bacteria 
A)  Spirochetes 
B)  Cyanobacteria 
C)  Alpha proteobacteria 
D)  Epsilon proteobacteria 
E)  Gram-negative bacteria

Question 18

Sexual reproduction can be grouped into how many distinct stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 19

What is vertical gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

A)  The primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria 
B)  The transmission of genetic material from parents to offspring during reproduction 
C)  The transmission of DNA from parent to offspring 
D)  A mobile segment of DNA that can sometimes pick up a resistance gene and insert it into a plasmid or chromosome 
E)  The passage of pieces of DNA that are characterized by their ability to move from one locus to another between genomes by means other than parent-to-offspring inheritance 
A)  The primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria 
B)  The transmission of genetic material from parents to offspring during reproduction 
C)  The transmission of DNA from parent to offspring 
D)  A mobile segment of DNA that can sometimes pick up a resistance gene and insert it into a plasmid or chromosome 
E)  The passage of pieces of DNA that are characterized by their ability to move from one locus to another between genomes by means other than parent-to-offspring inheritance

Question 20

Which of the following is true for exotoxins?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effect on the host is similar for all. 
B)  They are heat stable. 
C)  They produce a fever. 
D)  They are weakly immunogenetic. 
E)  They are frequently encoded on plasmids. 
A)  The effect on the host is similar for all. 
B)  They are heat stable. 
C)  They produce a fever. 
D)  They are weakly immunogenetic. 
E)  They are frequently encoded on plasmids.

Exam 25: Bacteria and Archaea

Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?

Fimbriae are only visible with the use of an electron microscope.

A bacterial cell wall is made up of ______________.

Which statement about biofilms is FALSE?

Which statement about bioremediation is FALSE?

List the characteristics of the Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya and identify examples for each.

Most bacterial cells can keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment because of:

Crenarchaeota are also called:

Prokaryotes divide using a process called________.

What are Koch's postulates?

Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?

Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

Bacterial conjugation is related to____________.

Humans have __________ pairs of chromosomes.

Streptococci, the bacteria responsible for strep throat infections, is classified within which group of bacteria?

Sexual reproduction can be grouped into how many distinct stages?

What is vertical gene transfer?

Which of the following is true for exotoxins?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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