Question 1

Most plasmodesmata contain a narrow cylindrical structure, called the desmotubule, which runs through the channel and connects the smooth ER of the two adjacent cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Cotransport systems directly provide energy for active transport of solutes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Sketch and label a tight junction, desmosome, and gap junction.

Accepted Answer

Sure, I can describe and label each of t

Question 4

How do gap junctions differ from desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  A gap junction bridges the space between cells. 
B)  A gap junction is a much larger space between cells. 
C)  A gap junction provides communication between cells. 
D)  A gap junction can control the passage of materials between cells. 
E)  A gap junction requires the use of ATP to open and close its channels. 
A)  A gap junction bridges the space between cells. 
B)  A gap junction is a much larger space between cells. 
C)  A gap junction provides communication between cells. 
D)  A gap junction can control the passage of materials between cells. 
E)  A gap junction requires the use of ATP to open and close its channels.

Question 5

Which proteins are located on the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane, usually bound to exposed regions of integral proteins by noncovalent interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma membrane proteins 
B)  Biological membrane proteins 
C)  Transmembrane proteins 
D)  Peripheral membrane proteins 
E)  Integral membrane proteins 
A)  Plasma membrane proteins 
B)  Biological membrane proteins 
C)  Transmembrane proteins 
D)  Peripheral membrane proteins 
E)  Integral membrane proteins

Question 6

Since sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ion pumps 
B)  Uniporters 
C)  Symporters 
D)  Antiporters 
E)  ABC transporter 
A)  Ion pumps 
B)  Uniporters 
C)  Symporters 
D)  Antiporters 
E)  ABC transporter

Question 7

What is the passive movement of water along a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis 
B)  Cotransport 
C)  Plasmolysis 
D)  Simple diffusion 
E)  Facilitated diffusion 
A)  Osmosis 
B)  Cotransport 
C)  Plasmolysis 
D)  Simple diffusion 
E)  Facilitated diffusion

Question 8

Which statement about lipid bilayers is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are inflexible. 
B)  They are self-sealing. 
C)  They resist forming free ends. 
D)  They can fuse with other bilayers. 
E)  They spontaneously form closed vesicles. 
A)  They are inflexible. 
B)  They are self-sealing. 
C)  They resist forming free ends. 
D)  They can fuse with other bilayers. 
E)  They spontaneously form closed vesicles.

Question 9

In cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell surface would shrivel. 
B)  The cell surface will keep expanding. 
C)  The surface area would remain constant. 
D)  The number of membrane receptor proteins would decrease. 
E)  The ratio of cell surface would decrease, compared to cell volume. 
A)  The cell surface would shrivel. 
B)  The cell surface will keep expanding. 
C)  The surface area would remain constant. 
D)  The number of membrane receptor proteins would decrease. 
E)  The ratio of cell surface would decrease, compared to cell volume.

Question 10

A transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because

Accepted Answer

A)  it completely extends through the membrane. 
B)  it is a glycoprotein with carbohydrates attached. 
C)  it is completely embedded within the membrane. 
D)  it is attached to the inside of the membrane by an ionic bond. 
E)  it is covalently linked to the outer surface of the plasma membrane. 
A)  it completely extends through the membrane. 
B)  it is a glycoprotein with carbohydrates attached. 
C)  it is completely embedded within the membrane. 
D)  it is attached to the inside of the membrane by an ionic bond. 
E)  it is covalently linked to the outer surface of the plasma membrane.

Question 11

Sketch and label a typical cell membrane. Provide a brief explanation for each of the labeled structures.

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane is composed of a phosp

Question 12

What type of cellular junction cements cells together that use cadherins as a belt around each cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Desmosomes 
B)  Gap junctions 
C)  Tight junctions 
D)  Plasmodesmata 
E)  Adhering junctions 
A)  Desmosomes 
B)  Gap junctions 
C)  Tight junctions 
D)  Plasmodesmata 
E)  Adhering junctions

Question 13

Compare simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Identify examples for each.

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitat

Question 14

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotonic 
B)  hypertonic 
C)  turgor pressure 
D)  isotonic 
E)  plasmolysis 
A)  hypotonic 
B)  hypertonic 
C)  turgor pressure 
D)  isotonic 
E)  plasmolysis

Question 15

Which cellular mechanism ejects products, such as hormones, by the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocytosis 
B)  Phagocytosis 
C)  Pinocytosis 
D)  Exocytosis 
E)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
A)  Endocytosis 
B)  Phagocytosis 
C)  Pinocytosis 
D)  Exocytosis 
E)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 16

A patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free from bacteria. 
B)  It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because there would be too much fluid to pump. 
C)  It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could shrink. 
D)  It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could swell and burst. 
E)  It will have no serious effect because the kidney could quickly eliminate excess water. 
A)  It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free from bacteria. 
B)  It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because there would be too much fluid to pump. 
C)  It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could shrink. 
D)  It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could swell and burst. 
E)  It will have no serious effect because the kidney could quickly eliminate excess water.

Question 17

Figure 5-3 ​
 
In the accompanying figure, what is the role of the structures between the membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide structure to plant cells. 
B)  They provide anchorage points between adjacent cells. 
C)  They allow passage of materials through intercellular spaces. 
D)  They prevent the passage of materials through intercellular spaces. 
E)  They allow the transport of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells. 
A)  They provide structure to plant cells. 
B)  They provide anchorage points between adjacent cells. 
C)  They allow passage of materials through intercellular spaces. 
D)  They prevent the passage of materials through intercellular spaces. 
E)  They allow the transport of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells.

Question 18

The role of ATP in the sodium-potassium pump is

Accepted Answer

A)  to transfer Na+ to the inside of a cell. 
B)  to assist a Na+ to bind to a carbohydrate. 
C)  to transfer Na+ to the outside of a cell. 
D)  to assist a cell to release Na+ by exocytosis. 
E)  to assist a cell to take up Na+ by endocytosis. 
A)  to transfer Na+ to the inside of a cell. 
B)  to assist a Na+ to bind to a carbohydrate. 
C)  to transfer Na+ to the outside of a cell. 
D)  to assist a cell to release Na+ by exocytosis. 
E)  to assist a cell to take up Na+ by endocytosis.

Question 19

Compare and contrast the mechanisms of the hydrogen pump and glucose-sodium cotransport systems.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Role of

Question 20

The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that maintains a(n) ____ gradient across the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  polar 
B)  nonpolar 
C)  phosphorous 
D)  concentration 
E)  electrochemical 
A)  polar 
B)  nonpolar 
C)  phosphorous 
D)  concentration 
E)  electrochemical

Exam 5: Biological Membranes

Most plasmodesmata contain a narrow cylindrical structure, called the desmotubule, which runs through the channel and connects the smooth ER of the two adjacent cells.

Cotransport systems directly provide energy for active transport of solutes.

Sketch and label a tight junction, desmosome, and gap junction.

How do gap junctions differ from desmosomes?

Which proteins are located on the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane, usually bound to exposed regions of integral proteins by noncovalent interactions?

Since sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

What is the passive movement of water along a concentration gradient?

Which statement about lipid bilayers is false ?

In cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

A transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because

Sketch and label a typical cell membrane. Provide a brief explanation for each of the labeled structures.

What type of cellular junction cements cells together that use cadherins as a belt around each cell?

Compare simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Identify examples for each.

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

Which cellular mechanism ejects products, such as hormones, by the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane?

A patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

Figure 5-3 ​ In the accompanying figure, what is the role of the structures between the membranes?

The role of ATP in the sodium-potassium pump is

Compare and contrast the mechanisms of the hydrogen pump and glucose-sodium cotransport systems.

The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that maintains a(n) ____ gradient across the plasma membrane.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 5-3 In the accompanying figure, what is the role of the structures between the membranes?