Question 1

A new virus is discovered that causes cells to lyse. Which of the following types of assay would be useful for diagnosing infection with this virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination 
B)  complement fixation test 
C)  viral hemagglutination 
D)  both agglutination and complement fixation tests 
E)  viral neutralization 
A)  agglutination 
B)  complement fixation test 
C)  viral hemagglutination 
D)  both agglutination and complement fixation tests 
E)  viral neutralization

Question 2

Chemically or thermally modified toxins that are used for vaccination are called (adjuvants/antigens/toxoids).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemically or thermally modified toxins that are...

Question 3

Almost a century after Edward Jenner introduced successful vaccination, Louis Pasteur developed vaccine(s) against

Accepted Answer

A)  anthrax. 
B)  human cholera. 
C)  rabies. 
D)  influenza. 
E)  both anthrax and rabies. 
A)  anthrax. 
B)  human cholera. 
C)  rabies. 
D)  influenza. 
E)  both anthrax and rabies.

Question 4

Viral neutralization testing is based on the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies can be produced against the toxin of a pathogen. 
B)  antibodies have different molecular weights. 
C)  viruses introduced into appropriate cell cultures have a cytopathic effect. 
D)  the gene for a pathogen's antigen can be isolated and introduced into a host cell by way of a plasmid. 
E)  antibodies to certain microbes can be given a fluorescent label. 
A)  antibodies can be produced against the toxin of a pathogen. 
B)  antibodies have different molecular weights. 
C)  viruses introduced into appropriate cell cultures have a cytopathic effect. 
D)  the gene for a pathogen's antigen can be isolated and introduced into a host cell by way of a plasmid. 
E)  antibodies to certain microbes can be given a fluorescent label.

Question 5

What type of vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole pathogen 
B)  attenuated vaccine 
C)  toxoid vaccine 
D)  a recombinant vaccine composed of a single antigen of the hepatitis virus 
E)  a vaccine produced by treating the virus with formaldehyde 
A)  inactivated whole pathogen 
B)  attenuated vaccine 
C)  toxoid vaccine 
D)  a recombinant vaccine composed of a single antigen of the hepatitis virus 
E)  a vaccine produced by treating the virus with formaldehyde

Question 6

Because attenuated live vaccines contain viruses that are less virulent, many booster vaccines must be given to produce an effective immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Development of new vaccines has slowed in recent decades. This is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the ineffectiveness of vaccines against disease. 
B)  the availability of vaccines against nearly all serious diseases. 
C)  the high cost of development. 
D)  the high level of risk with immunization. 
E)  a lack of need with modern medical treatments. 
A)  the ineffectiveness of vaccines against disease. 
B)  the availability of vaccines against nearly all serious diseases. 
C)  the high cost of development. 
D)  the high level of risk with immunization. 
E)  a lack of need with modern medical treatments.

Question 8

Snakebites are treated with (antisera/antitoxins/antivenins).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Snakebites are treated with (antisera/antitoxins/antivenins)....

Question 9

The concentration (or titer) of antibody to a specific antigen can be determined using a ________ test.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemagglutination 
B)  precipitation 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  agglutination 
E)  immunochromatographic 
A)  hemagglutination 
B)  precipitation 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  agglutination 
E)  immunochromatographic

Question 10

Pathogens may be attenuated for use in vaccines by

Accepted Answer

A)  raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 
B)  genetic manipulation. 
C)  treatment with formaldehyde. 
D)  genetic manipulation coupled with treatment with formaldehyde. 
E)  genetic manipulation and/or raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 
A)  raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 
B)  genetic manipulation. 
C)  treatment with formaldehyde. 
D)  genetic manipulation coupled with treatment with formaldehyde. 
E)  genetic manipulation and/or raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells.

Question 11

A(n) ________ assay is used for rapid identification of strep (group A Streptococcus) infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody 
B)  immunodiffusion precipitation 
C)  viral neutralization 
D)  immunochromatographic 
E)  immunoblot 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody 
B)  immunodiffusion precipitation 
C)  viral neutralization 
D)  immunochromatographic 
E)  immunoblot

Question 12

Raising viruses for numerous generations can produce an (adjuvant/attenuated/inactivated) form of the virus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Raising viruses for numerous generations can produce...

Question 13

For some bacterial diseases such as tetanus, it is more effective to produce an immune response against the bacterial toxin than against the bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The first true vaccine provided immunity to

Accepted Answer

A)  anthrax. 
B)  cholera. 
C)  pertussis. 
D)  rabies. 
E)  smallpox. 
A)  anthrax. 
B)  cholera. 
C)  pertussis. 
D)  rabies. 
E)  smallpox.

Question 15

Which property of antibodies is the basis for complement fixation tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination 
B)  opsonization 
C)  neutralization 
D)  direct killing 
E)  complement activation 
A)  agglutination 
B)  opsonization 
C)  neutralization 
D)  direct killing 
E)  complement activation

Question 16

How is an immunofiltration assay different from an ELISA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Test antigens are bound to filters rather than plastic plates. 
B)  Positive results are the result of precipitate formation. 
C)  Fluorescent molecules are attached to antigen rather than enzyme. 
D)  Antibodies are bound to filters rather than plastic plates. 
E)  They take longer than ELISAs. 
A)  Test antigens are bound to filters rather than plastic plates. 
B)  Positive results are the result of precipitate formation. 
C)  Fluorescent molecules are attached to antigen rather than enzyme. 
D)  Antibodies are bound to filters rather than plastic plates. 
E)  They take longer than ELISAs.

Question 17

Modern vaccine technology can involve inserting the DNA encoding the pathogen's antigen(s) into a (plasmid/hybridoma/cell) and injecting it into an individual.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Modern vaccine technology can involve inserting the...

Question 18

Complement fixation is a more sensitive test for the presence of specific antibodies than are agglutination tests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A hemagglutination test is useful for

Accepted Answer

A)  determining antibody titer. 
B)  blood typing. 
C)  determining effectiveness of immunization. 
D)  detecting presence of a pathogen in patient serum. 
E)  diagnosing viral infection. 
A)  determining antibody titer. 
B)  blood typing. 
C)  determining effectiveness of immunization. 
D)  detecting presence of a pathogen in patient serum. 
E)  diagnosing viral infection.

Question 20

Two types of vaccines for polio have been developed, an inactivated whole (IPV ) and a live attenuated (OPV ) vaccine. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the two polio vaccines.

Accepted Answer

The inactivated whole vaccine does not r

Exam 17: Immunization and Immune Testing

A new virus is discovered that causes cells to lyse. Which of the following types of assay would be useful for diagnosing infection with this virus?

Chemically or thermally modified toxins that are used for vaccination are called (adjuvants/antigens/toxoids).

Almost a century after Edward Jenner introduced successful vaccination, Louis Pasteur developed vaccine(s) against

Viral neutralization testing is based on the fact that

What type of vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine?

Because attenuated live vaccines contain viruses that are less virulent, many booster vaccines must be given to produce an effective immune response.

Development of new vaccines has slowed in recent decades. This is due to

Snakebites are treated with (antisera/antitoxins/antivenins).

The concentration (or titer) of antibody to a specific antigen can be determined using a ________ test.

Pathogens may be attenuated for use in vaccines by

A(n) ________ assay is used for rapid identification of strep (group A Streptococcus) infections.

Raising viruses for numerous generations can produce an (adjuvant/attenuated/inactivated) form of the virus.

For some bacterial diseases such as tetanus, it is more effective to produce an immune response against the bacterial toxin than against the bacteria.

The first true vaccine provided immunity to

Which property of antibodies is the basis for complement fixation tests?

How is an immunofiltration assay different from an ELISA?

Modern vaccine technology can involve inserting the DNA encoding the pathogen's antigen(s) into a (plasmid/hybridoma/cell) and injecting it into an individual.

Complement fixation is a more sensitive test for the presence of specific antibodies than are agglutination tests.

A hemagglutination test is useful for

Two types of vaccines for polio have been developed, an inactivated whole (IPV ) and a live attenuated (OPV ) vaccine. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the two polio vaccines.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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