Exam 10:Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Some bacteria are resistant to erythromycin as a result of mutation of their ribosomal RNA. What type of resistance does this represent?

The topical drug ________ inhibits protein synthesis in Gram positive bacteria by preventing loading of isoleucine onto tRNA.

Antimicrobials that block protein synthesis by binding to the mRNA are

A (bacteriocidial/bacteriostatic/minimum) concentration of a drug is one at which microbes survive but are not able to grow and reproduce.

The mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin is

Drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when

If a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test, the concentration of the drug was bactericidal.

The abbreviation (MBC/MIC/MID) stands for the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth and reproduction of a pathogen. (Be sure to use all capital letters.)

Discuss the cellular factors that might make a drug's spectrum of action narrow rather than broad.

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver.

Which of the following tests does NOT provide information on the lowest concentration of drug effective on a pathogen?

Beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, have an effect on which of the following types of cells?

Explain the concept of selective toxicity.

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor, is known as

Paul Erhlich discovered the first antibiotic.

Biofilms contribute to the spread of resistance to antimicrobials.

Nucleotide or nucleoside (acids/analogs/antisense) are antimicrobial agents that mimic the chemical structure of DNA building blocks.

Bacillus licheniformis secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram-positive bacteria. This is an example of a(n)

Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of drugs because the drugs are all structurally similar to each other; this is a phenomenon known as (cross/multiple/synergistic) resistance.

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain mycolic acid?