Question 1

Some bacteria are resistant to antimicrobials due to the activity of ________, which removes many of them.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmids 
B)  porins 
C)  efflux pumps 
D)  lipopolysaccharides 
E)  ribosomes 
A)  plasmids 
B)  porins 
C)  efflux pumps 
D)  lipopolysaccharides 
E)  ribosomes

Question 2

Any drug that acts against a disease is called a(n) (analog/antibiotic/chemotherapeutic) agent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Any drug that acts against a disease...

Question 3

Which of the following can result when antibiotic therapy disrupts the normal microbiota?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphylactic shock 
B)  black hairy tongue 
C)  pseudomembranous colitis 
D)  thrush 
E)  both pseudomembranous colitis and thrush 
A)  anaphylactic shock 
B)  black hairy tongue 
C)  pseudomembranous colitis 
D)  thrush 
E)  both pseudomembranous colitis and thrush

Question 4

Secondary infections that result from the killing of some of the normal microbiota are called (antagonism/superinfections/resistance).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Secondary infections that result from the killing...

Question 5

Disruption of the normal microbiota can result in infections caused by which of the following microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Clostridium difficile 
D)  Streptococcus 
E)  both Candida albicans and Clostridium difficile 
A)  Mycobacterium 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Clostridium difficile 
D)  Streptococcus 
E)  both Candida albicans and Clostridium difficile

Question 6

Which of the following drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis specifically in most bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluoroquinolones 
B)  actinomycin 
C)  rifampin 
D)  tetracycline 
E)  5-fluorocytosine 
A)  fluoroquinolones 
B)  actinomycin 
C)  rifampin 
D)  tetracycline 
E)  5-fluorocytosine

Question 7

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria enables many antimicrobial drugs to enter the cell more easily.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A newly discovered prokaryote produces a compound with promising antimicrobial effects. Devise a set of tests to determine whether the antimicrobial is broad or narrow spectrum and bactericidal or bacteriostatic.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary somewhat, but the foll

Question 9

Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens is called microbial (antagonisms/synergy/toxicity).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens...

Question 10

The first antimicrobial widely available for treatment of bacterial infections was a synthetic compound which

Accepted Answer

A)  was an antimetabolic analog. 
B)  was a nucleotide analog. 
C)  was an attachment antagonist. 
D)  disrupted cytoplasmic membranes. 
E)  interfered with bacterial cell wall synthesis. 
A)  was an antimetabolic analog. 
B)  was a nucleotide analog. 
C)  was an attachment antagonist. 
D)  disrupted cytoplasmic membranes. 
E)  interfered with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Question 11

Medications which block viral entry into cells include (adhesin/analog/attachment) antagonists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Medications which block viral entry into cells...

Question 12

Infection of the ________ would be the hardest to treat with antimicrobial drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)  heart 
B)  kidneys 
C)  liver 
D)  brain 
E)  colon 
A)  heart 
B)  kidneys 
C)  liver 
D)  brain 
E)  colon

Question 13

Methicillin is an example of the beta-lactam class of drugs that

Accepted Answer

A)  disrupts cytoplasmic membranes. 
B)  inhibits cell wall synthesis. 
C)  inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  inhibits metabolic pathways. 
E)  inhibits protein synthesis. 
A)  disrupts cytoplasmic membranes. 
B)  inhibits cell wall synthesis. 
C)  inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  inhibits metabolic pathways. 
E)  inhibits protein synthesis.

Question 14

Why can microbial resistance to antibiotics and other drugs be considered a primarily genetic phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Microbial resistance is considered a gen

Question 15

The antimicrobial polymyxin

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits protein synthesis. 
B)  inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. 
C)  blocks a metabolic pathway. 
D)  disrupts cytoplasmic membranes. 
E)  inhibits cell wall synthesis. 
A)  inhibits protein synthesis. 
B)  inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. 
C)  blocks a metabolic pathway. 
D)  disrupts cytoplasmic membranes. 
E)  inhibits cell wall synthesis.

Question 16

The broth dilution test can provide information for determining

Accepted Answer

A)  the molecular target of an antibiotic. 
B)  the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration). 
C)  the rate of diffusion of an antibiotic. 
D)  the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), with an additional step. 
E)  both the MIC and the MBC (with an additional step). 
A)  the molecular target of an antibiotic. 
B)  the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration). 
C)  the rate of diffusion of an antibiotic. 
D)  the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), with an additional step. 
E)  both the MIC and the MBC (with an additional step).

Question 17

Semisynthetic drugs developed to combat resistance are often called (analog/second generation/synergist) drugs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Semisynthetic drugs developed to combat resistance are...

Question 18

The antifungals known as polyenes interact with ________, a lipid unique to fungus membranes.

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol 
B)  ergosterol 
C)  mycolic acid 
D)  phospholipid 
E)  glycolic acid 
A)  cholesterol 
B)  ergosterol 
C)  mycolic acid 
D)  phospholipid 
E)  glycolic acid

Question 19

Nucleic acid analog drugs have no effect on human cell replication function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing the cross-linkage of NAM subunits. 
B)  blocking the secretion of cell wall molecules from the cytoplasm. 
C)  preventing the formation of alanine-alanine bridges. 
D)  disrupting the formation of the mycolic acid layer of the cell wall. 
E)  preventing the formation of β-lactamases. 
A)  preventing the cross-linkage of NAM subunits. 
B)  blocking the secretion of cell wall molecules from the cytoplasm. 
C)  preventing the formation of alanine-alanine bridges. 
D)  disrupting the formation of the mycolic acid layer of the cell wall. 
E)  preventing the formation of β-lactamases.

Exam 10:Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Some bacteria are resistant to antimicrobials due to the activity of ________, which removes many of them.

Any drug that acts against a disease is called a(n) (analog/antibiotic/chemotherapeutic) agent.

Which of the following can result when antibiotic therapy disrupts the normal microbiota?

Secondary infections that result from the killing of some of the normal microbiota are called (antagonism/superinfections/resistance).

Disruption of the normal microbiota can result in infections caused by which of the following microbes?

Which of the following drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis specifically in most bacteria?

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria enables many antimicrobial drugs to enter the cell more easily.

A newly discovered prokaryote produces a compound with promising antimicrobial effects. Devise a set of tests to determine whether the antimicrobial is broad or narrow spectrum and bactericidal or bacteriostatic.

Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens is called microbial (antagonisms/synergy/toxicity).

The first antimicrobial widely available for treatment of bacterial infections was a synthetic compound which

Medications which block viral entry into cells include (adhesin/analog/attachment) antagonists.

Infection of the ________ would be the hardest to treat with antimicrobial drugs.

Methicillin is an example of the beta-lactam class of drugs that

Why can microbial resistance to antibiotics and other drugs be considered a primarily genetic phenomenon?

The antimicrobial polymyxin

The broth dilution test can provide information for determining

Semisynthetic drugs developed to combat resistance are often called (analog/second generation/synergist) drugs.

The antifungals known as polyenes interact with ________, a lipid unique to fungus membranes.

Nucleic acid analog drugs have no effect on human cell replication function.

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

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Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

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