Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding ELISAs is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not quantitative. 
B)  They require large amounts of serum. 
C)  The antibody label is a fluorescent molecule. 
D)  They can be used to detect antibody or antigen. 
E)  They involve the use of membrane filters. 
A)  They are not quantitative. 
B)  They require large amounts of serum. 
C)  The antibody label is a fluorescent molecule. 
D)  They can be used to detect antibody or antigen. 
E)  They involve the use of membrane filters. D

Question 2

The hepatitis B vaccine is an attenuated vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The discovery of antibodies and the understanding of their actions lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  improved vaccine design. 
B)  the development of genetically engineered vaccines. 
C)  improved methods of immunization. 
D)  the development of passive immunotherapy. 
E)  the use of the technique known as variolation. 
A)  improved vaccine design. 
B)  the development of genetically engineered vaccines. 
C)  improved methods of immunization. 
D)  the development of passive immunotherapy. 
E)  the use of the technique known as variolation. D

Question 4

The presence of fungus in patient specimens can be detected by the ________ test.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody 
B)  indirect fluorescent antibody 
C)  hemagglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  ELISA 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody 
B)  indirect fluorescent antibody 
C)  hemagglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  ELISA

Question 5

What is the most efficient and cost-effective way to control infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  variolation 
B)  active immunization by vaccination 
C)  passive immunotherapy using immunoglobulins 
D)  immune testing 
E)  autoimmunization 
A)  variolation 
B)  active immunization by vaccination 
C)  passive immunotherapy using immunoglobulins 
D)  immune testing 
E)  autoimmunization

Question 6

The vaccine to prevent cervical cancer is a(n) (attenuated/recombinant/toxoid) vaccine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The vaccine to prevent cervical cancer is...

Question 7

The immunochromatographic assay uses enzyme-linked anti-antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Discuss the concept of herd immunity and its importance in creating and maintaining a healthy population.

Accepted Answer

Herd immunity results when a large enoug

Question 9

When vaccines do not provide lifelong immunity, (adjuvants/ boosters/subunits) must be given to maintain protection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When vaccines do not provide lifelong immunity,...

Question 10

Large quantities of pure antigen produced using recombinant DNA technology can be used to prepare ________ vaccines.

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuated 
B)  inactived whole 
C)  toxoid 
D)  subunit 
E)  DNA 
A)  attenuated 
B)  inactived whole 
C)  toxoid 
D)  subunit 
E)  DNA

Question 11

A researcher uses genetic recombination techniques to remove a virulence gene from a pathogen, producing a(n) (attenuated/inactivated/subunit/toxoid) vaccine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher uses genetic recombination techniques to...

Question 12

Antivenin is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  antitoxin used to treat exposure to a venom. 
B)  antigen produced from a virus. 
C)  antiserum produced from hybridomas. 
D)  vaccine made toward the endotoxin of a virus. 
E)  vaccine produced against the endotoxin of a bacterium. 
A)  antitoxin used to treat exposure to a venom. 
B)  antigen produced from a virus. 
C)  antiserum produced from hybridomas. 
D)  vaccine made toward the endotoxin of a virus. 
E)  vaccine produced against the endotoxin of a bacterium.

Question 13

Discuss the similarities and differences between immunodiffusion and immunochromatographic assays.

Accepted Answer

Both assays rely on the diffusion of ant

Question 14

The complement fixation test uses red blood cells as the target for complement activation. Test serum containing antibodies is combined with a known amount of antigen in a tube, and then the RBCs and antibodies against the RBCs are added. A positive result for the complement fixation test would be

Accepted Answer

A)  a line of precipitate near the bottom of the tube. 
B)  a cloudy solution in the tube. 
C)  loss of color in the tube. 
D)  a fluorescent precipitate. 
E)  a solution that is clear due to precipitation of RBCs. 
A)  a line of precipitate near the bottom of the tube. 
B)  a cloudy solution in the tube. 
C)  loss of color in the tube. 
D)  a fluorescent precipitate. 
E)  a solution that is clear due to precipitation of RBCs.

Question 15

Monoclonal antibodies are obtained from

Accepted Answer

A)  human serum. 
B)  animal serum. 
C)  hybridomas. 
D)  human B cells in culture. 
E)  both human and animal serum 
A)  human serum. 
B)  animal serum. 
C)  hybridomas. 
D)  human B cells in culture. 
E)  both human and animal serum

Question 16

An (ELISA/immunofiltration/immunoblot) assay uses antibodies bound on the surface of a membrane filter to detect antigens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An (ELISA/immunofiltration/immunoblot) assay uses antibodies bound on...

Question 17

Edward Jenner was the physician who first used cowpox to vaccinate individuals against smallpox.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following assays is a function of the formation of immune complexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoblot tests 
B)  ELISAs 
C)  neutralization tests 
D)  direct fluorescent antibody tests 
E)  precipitation tests 
A)  immunoblot tests 
B)  ELISAs 
C)  neutralization tests 
D)  direct fluorescent antibody tests 
E)  precipitation tests

Question 19

A person exposed to hepatitis A virus may be treated with an injection of antibody molecules. This type of treatment is

Accepted Answer

A)  immunization. 
B)  serology. 
C)  vaccine therapy. 
D)  passive immunotherapy. 
E)  adjuvant therapy. 
A)  immunization. 
B)  serology. 
C)  vaccine therapy. 
D)  passive immunotherapy. 
E)  adjuvant therapy.

Question 20

Serologic tests may be used to detect ________ for diagnosis of disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of serum proteins 
B)  the ability of the patient's antibodies to activate the complement system 
C)  antigen-specific antibodies 
D)  specific epitopes 
E)  the proportion of plasma in a patient's blood 
A)  the concentration of serum proteins 
B)  the ability of the patient's antibodies to activate the complement system 
C)  antigen-specific antibodies 
D)  specific epitopes 
E)  the proportion of plasma in a patient's blood

Exam 17: Immunization and Immune Testing

Which of the following statements regarding ELISAs is TRUE?

The hepatitis B vaccine is an attenuated vaccine.

The discovery of antibodies and the understanding of their actions lead to

The presence of fungus in patient specimens can be detected by the ________ test.

What is the most efficient and cost-effective way to control infectious diseases?

The vaccine to prevent cervical cancer is a(n) (attenuated/recombinant/toxoid) vaccine.

The immunochromatographic assay uses enzyme-linked anti-antibodies.

Discuss the concept of herd immunity and its importance in creating and maintaining a healthy population.

When vaccines do not provide lifelong immunity, (adjuvants/ boosters/subunits) must be given to maintain protection.

Large quantities of pure antigen produced using recombinant DNA technology can be used to prepare ________ vaccines.

A researcher uses genetic recombination techniques to remove a virulence gene from a pathogen, producing a(n) (attenuated/inactivated/subunit/toxoid) vaccine.

Antivenin is a(n)

Discuss the similarities and differences between immunodiffusion and immunochromatographic assays.

The complement fixation test uses red blood cells as the target for complement activation. Test serum containing antibodies is combined with a known amount of antigen in a tube, and then the RBCs and antibodies against the RBCs are added. A positive result for the complement fixation test would be

Monoclonal antibodies are obtained from

An (ELISA/immunofiltration/immunoblot) assay uses antibodies bound on the surface of a membrane filter to detect antigens.

Edward Jenner was the physician who first used cowpox to vaccinate individuals against smallpox.

Which of the following assays is a function of the formation of immune complexes?

A person exposed to hepatitis A virus may be treated with an injection of antibody molecules. This type of treatment is

Serologic tests may be used to detect ________ for diagnosis of disease.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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