Question 1

Virions attach to a target host cell by means of (capsules/capsids/ligands).

Accepted Answer

ligands

Question 2

Describe three types of reservoirs of infectious disease in humans. Give an example disease for each type of reservoir.

Accepted Answer

for a pathogen to enter a new host, it must survive in some site from which it can infect the new host.These sites are considered reservoirs, which include the following:
1.Animal reservoirs, such as domestic or wild animals.Examples:Lyme disease, rabies, West Nile fever
2.Human carriers, which are individuals who are infectious and may be either asymptomatic or symptomatic.Examples:AIDS, tuberculosis, typhoid fever
3.Nonliving reservoirs, such as soil, water, and food.Examples:botulism, cholera, tetanus

Question 3

Koch's postulates can be applied to every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Fomites are

Accepted Answer

A)  insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host. 
B)  inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens. 
C)  fecal material from infected hosts. 
D)  animal sources for human pathogens. 
E)  silent carriers of infectious diseases. 
A)  insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host. 
B)  inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens. 
C)  fecal material from infected hosts. 
D)  animal sources for human pathogens. 
E)  silent carriers of infectious diseases.

Question 5

A reservoir is

Accepted Answer

A)  a source of microbial contamination. 
B)  an environment that is free of microbes. 
C)  any microorganism that causes disease. 
D)  a condition in which organisms remain in the body for a short time. 
E)  a source of microbes for laboratory testing. 
A)  a source of microbial contamination. 
B)  an environment that is free of microbes. 
C)  any microorganism that causes disease. 
D)  a condition in which organisms remain in the body for a short time. 
E)  a source of microbes for laboratory testing.

Question 6

A toxin common to all Gram-negative bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotoxin. 
B)  coagulase. 
C)  lipid A. 
D)  hemolysin. 
E)  collagenase. 
A)  neurotoxin. 
B)  coagulase. 
C)  lipid A. 
D)  hemolysin. 
E)  collagenase.

Question 7

Researchers have proposed that the herpes virus responsible for the childhood illness roseola may cause a type of T cell leukemia. Ninety percent of the population has been infected by the virus by two years of age, but the T cell leukemia is relatively rare. The virus can be cultured in the laboratory in tissue culture, but not in mature organisms. Discuss the obstacles to applying Koch's postulates to the etiology of this disease.

Accepted Answer

Koch's first postulate, that the suspect

Question 8

In commensalism, one member of the relationship harms the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means

Accepted Answer

A)  12.43 of every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000. 
B)  12.43 of every 100,000 people died of tuberculosis in the United States in the year 2000. 
C)  there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000. 
D)  there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000. 
E)  12.43 of every 100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000. 
A)  12.43 of every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000. 
B)  12.43 of every 100,000 people died of tuberculosis in the United States in the year 2000. 
C)  there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000. 
D)  there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000. 
E)  12.43 of every 100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000.

Question 10

The study of the cause of disease is known as (epidemiology/etiology/pathology).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of the cause of disease...

Question 11

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  cockroach transmission of Shigella 
B)  mosquito transmission of Plasmodium 
C)  flea transmission of Yersinia 
D)  tsetse fly transmission of Trypanosoma 
E)  louse transmission of Rickettsia 
A)  cockroach transmission of Shigella 
B)  mosquito transmission of Plasmodium 
C)  flea transmission of Yersinia 
D)  tsetse fly transmission of Trypanosoma 
E)  louse transmission of Rickettsia

Question 12

Commensalism is best described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes. 
B)  relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed. 
C)  relationship between two organisms where both members benefit. 
D)  relationship in which a microorganism causes disease. 
E)  source of contamination. 
A)  unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes. 
B)  relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed. 
C)  relationship between two organisms where both members benefit. 
D)  relationship in which a microorganism causes disease. 
E)  source of contamination.

Question 13

Over 470,000 cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the 2010 earthquake. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  mosquitoes 
B)  aerosols 
C)  contact 
D)  contaminated water 
E)  contaminated milk 
A)  mosquitoes 
B)  aerosols 
C)  contact 
D)  contaminated water 
E)  contaminated milk

Question 14

Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the upper respiratory system. This situation is an example of (commensalism/mutualism/parasitism).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the...

Question 15

Aerosols may be involved in ________ transmission of pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  droplet 
B)  direct 
C)  vector 
D)  fecal-oral 
E)  waterborne 
A)  droplet 
B)  direct 
C)  vector 
D)  fecal-oral 
E)  waterborne

Question 16

All infections result in disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Mutualism is a relationship

Accepted Answer

A)  that provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one cannot live without the other. 
B)  where only one member derives benefit from the other. 
C)  where one member of the relationship may kill the other. 
D)  where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other. 
E)  where it is difficult to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other. 
A)  that provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one cannot live without the other. 
B)  where only one member derives benefit from the other. 
C)  where one member of the relationship may kill the other. 
D)  where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other. 
E)  where it is difficult to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other.

Question 18

Which of the following is transmitted by the parenteral route?

Accepted Answer

A)  ringworm 
B)  warts 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  yellow fever 
E)  pertussis 
A)  ringworm 
B)  warts 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  yellow fever 
E)  pertussis

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The suspect agent must be present in all cases of the disease. 
B)  The suspect agent must cause the disease under investigation when introduced into a susceptible host organism. 
C)  The suspect agent must be isolated and cultured in the laboratory. 
D)  It must be possible to reisolate the suspect agent from the infected experimental host. 
E)  The suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases. 
A)  The suspect agent must be present in all cases of the disease. 
B)  The suspect agent must cause the disease under investigation when introduced into a susceptible host organism. 
C)  The suspect agent must be isolated and cultured in the laboratory. 
D)  It must be possible to reisolate the suspect agent from the infected experimental host. 
E)  The suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases.

Question 20

Which of the following is a sign of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  headache 
B)  dizziness 
C)  fever 
D)  nausea 
E)  cramps 
A)  headache 
B)  dizziness 
C)  fever 
D)  nausea 
E)  cramps

Exam 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Virions attach to a target host cell by means of (capsules/capsids/ligands).

Describe three types of reservoirs of infectious disease in humans. Give an example disease for each type of reservoir.

Koch's postulates can be applied to every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen.

Fomites are

A reservoir is

A toxin common to all Gram-negative bacteria is

In commensalism, one member of the relationship harms the other.

The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means

The study of the cause of disease is known as (epidemiology/etiology/pathology).

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

Commensalism is best described as a(n)

Over 470,000 cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the 2010 earthquake. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission?

Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the upper respiratory system. This situation is an example of (commensalism/mutualism/parasitism).

Aerosols may be involved in ________ transmission of pathogens.

All infections result in disease.

Mutualism is a relationship

Which of the following is transmitted by the parenteral route?

Which of the following statements regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is FALSE?

Which of the following is a sign of disease?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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