Question 1

Pathogens in droplets of body fluids are spread by (contact/indirect/vehicle) transmission.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pathogens in droplets of body fluids are...

Question 2

In early 2014, West African countries began diagnosing and reporting cases of Ebola for the first time in their history. This is an example of a(n) (endemic/epidemic/sporadic) disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In early 2014, West African countries began...

Question 3

The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. As a consequence, cholera epidemics primarily involve (animal/nonliving/zoonotic) reservoirs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bacterium that causes cholera is capable...

Question 4

Microbial contamination always results in infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A syndrome is a group of symptoms and signs that collectively characterize a particular disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as ________ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  iatrogenic 
B)  exogenous 
C)  opportunistic 
D)  endogenous 
E)  subacute 
A)  iatrogenic 
B)  exogenous 
C)  opportunistic 
D)  endogenous 
E)  subacute

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a member of the normal human microbiota?

Accepted Answer

A)  Candida 
B)  Lactobacillus 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Bacteroides 
E)  Microsporum 
A)  Candida 
B)  Lactobacillus 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Bacteroides 
E)  Microsporum

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria in the human colon 
B)  tapeworm in the human intestine 
C)  tuberculosis in the human lung 
D)  protozoa in termites 
E)  microbes crossing the placenta to the fetus 
A)  bacteria in the human colon 
B)  tapeworm in the human intestine 
C)  tuberculosis in the human lung 
D)  protozoa in termites 
E)  microbes crossing the placenta to the fetus

Question 9

In 2012, a new kind of fungal meningitis (infection of the nervous system) was discovered. Disease occurred among patients who had received steroid injections in the spine. Discuss whether these were healthcare-associated infections (HAIs): defend your answer. Discuss the route of transmission and what measures public health agencies could take to reduce disease.

Accepted Answer

The fungal meningitis of 2012 was an HAI

Question 10

People in the asymptomatic incubation stage of a disease may be a reservoir of the agent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota?

Accepted Answer

A)  The baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery. 
C)  microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy. 
D)  microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath. 
E)  microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal. 
A)  The baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery. 
C)  microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy. 
D)  microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath. 
E)  microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal.

Question 12

Nausea is an example of a (sign/symptom/syndrome) of disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nausea is an example of a (sign/symptom/syndrome)...

Question 13

Lipid A is a(n) (cytotoxin/endotoxin/exotoxin) that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock, and blood coagulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lipid A is a(n) (cytotoxin/endotoxin/exotoxin) that stimulates...

Question 14

In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  a pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta. 
B)  A person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears. 
C)  A person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite. 
D)  Fungi digest the outer layer of the skin. 
E)  A person receives an injection with a contaminated needle. 
A)  a pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta. 
B)  A person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears. 
C)  A person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite. 
D)  Fungi digest the outer layer of the skin. 
E)  A person receives an injection with a contaminated needle.

Question 15

The condition known as microbial antagonism may be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms that remain with a person throughout life. 
B)  a relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other. 
C)  a relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits. 
D)  an unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes. 
E)  a relationship between two organisms where both members benefit. 
A)  microorganisms that remain with a person throughout life. 
B)  a relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other. 
C)  a relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits. 
D)  an unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes. 
E)  a relationship between two organisms where both members benefit.

Question 16

Influenza is an example of a chronic disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Figure 14.1 represents a Petri dish with a fungus (F), shown in darker gray, growing in the midst of bacterial lawn (B), shown in light gray. The relationship between the fungus and the bacteria would best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  synergistic. 
B)  amensal. 
C)  commensal. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  None, there is no relationship between the microbes. 
A)  synergistic. 
B)  amensal. 
C)  commensal. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  None, there is no relationship between the microbes.

Question 18

Symptoms are

Accepted Answer

A)  subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel. 
B)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be measured. 
C)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be observed by others. 
D)  characteristics of a disease, such as sweating. 
E)  laboratory tests used to diagnose a disease. 
A)  subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel. 
B)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be measured. 
C)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be observed by others. 
D)  characteristics of a disease, such as sweating. 
E)  laboratory tests used to diagnose a disease.

Question 19

An axenic environment is one

Accepted Answer

A)  in which microorganisms remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  that is free of microbes. 
C)  that is a source of contamination. 
D)  in which microorganisms remain present only for a short time. 
E)  contaminated by microbial toxins. 
A)  in which microorganisms remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  that is free of microbes. 
C)  that is a source of contamination. 
D)  in which microorganisms remain present only for a short time. 
E)  contaminated by microbial toxins.

Question 20

A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to adhere to cells of the body 
B)  the ability to move from one location in the body to another 
C)  the ability to produce an endotoxin 
D)  the ability to establish a latent infection 
E)  the ability to prevent phagocytes killing it 
A)  the ability to adhere to cells of the body 
B)  the ability to move from one location in the body to another 
C)  the ability to produce an endotoxin 
D)  the ability to establish a latent infection 
E)  the ability to prevent phagocytes killing it

Exam 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Pathogens in droplets of body fluids are spread by (contact/indirect/vehicle) transmission.

In early 2014, West African countries began diagnosing and reporting cases of Ebola for the first time in their history. This is an example of a(n) (endemic/epidemic/sporadic) disease.

The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. As a consequence, cholera epidemics primarily involve (animal/nonliving/zoonotic) reservoirs.

Microbial contamination always results in infection.

A syndrome is a group of symptoms and signs that collectively characterize a particular disease.

Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as ________ infections.

Which of the following is NOT considered a member of the normal human microbiota?

Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?

People in the asymptomatic incubation stage of a disease may be a reservoir of the agent.

Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota?

Nausea is an example of a (sign/symptom/syndrome) of disease.

Lipid A is a(n) (cytotoxin/endotoxin/exotoxin) that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock, and blood coagulation.

In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?

The condition known as microbial antagonism may be defined as

Influenza is an example of a chronic disease.

Figure 14.1 represents a Petri dish with a fungus (F), shown in darker gray, growing in the midst of bacterial lawn (B), shown in light gray. The relationship between the fungus and the bacteria would best be described as

Symptoms are

An axenic environment is one

A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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