Question 1

Koch's postulates were used to demonstrate the relationship between

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV and AIDS. 
B)  Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy. 
C)  liver parasites and liver cancer. 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae and meningitis. 
E)  Haemophilus influenzae and the flu. 
A)  HIV and AIDS. 
B)  Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy. 
C)  liver parasites and liver cancer. 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae and meningitis. 
E)  Haemophilus influenzae and the flu.

Question 2

The (incubation/morbidity/prodromal) period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of the disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (incubation/morbidity/prodromal) period is the time between...

Question 3

The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and remain viable in the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, what type of transmission has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect contact 
B)  airborne 
C)  waterborne 
D)  foodborne 
E)  bodily fluid 
A)  indirect contact 
B)  airborne 
C)  waterborne 
D)  foodborne 
E)  bodily fluid

Question 4

Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  any microorganisms that cause disease. 
C)  organisms that are present in or on the body for a short time without causing harm. 
D)  microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
E)  microorganisms that never cause disease. 
A)  microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  any microorganisms that cause disease. 
C)  organisms that are present in or on the body for a short time without causing harm. 
D)  microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
E)  microorganisms that never cause disease.

Question 5

Which of the following is a symptom of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature 
B)  swelling 
C)  diarrhea 
D)  fatigue 
E)  rash 
A)  temperature 
B)  swelling 
C)  diarrhea 
D)  fatigue 
E)  rash

Question 6

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.

Accepted Answer

Both endotoxins and exotoxins are produc

Question 7

The (intestines/nasal cavities/lungs) are normally axenic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (intestines/nasal cavities/lungs) are normally axenic....

Question 8

Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  mucous membrane portal 
B)  parenteral route 
C)  skin portal 
D)  contact 
E)  fomite 
A)  mucous membrane portal 
B)  parenteral route 
C)  skin portal 
D)  contact 
E)  fomite

Question 9

Which of the following virulence factors directly contributes to severe inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  coagulase 
B)  lipid A 
C)  hyaluronidase 
D)  kinase 
E)  collagenase 
A)  coagulase 
B)  lipid A 
C)  hyaluronidase 
D)  kinase 
E)  collagenase

Question 10

Treatment with high doses of antibiotics may lead to which type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

Accepted Answer

A)  subclinical disease 
B)  exogenous infection 
C)  latent infection 
D)  superinfection 
E)  zoonotic 
A)  subclinical disease 
B)  exogenous infection 
C)  latent infection 
D)  superinfection 
E)  zoonotic

Question 11

A patient has an upper GI endoscopic procedure and later develops a severe (endogenous/iatrogenic/secondary) infection with the Gram-negative pathogen known as CRE.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has an upper GI endoscopic...

Question 12

Among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase, hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  coagulase 
B)  enterotoxin 
C)  hemolysin 
D)  hyaluronidase 
E)  coagulase and hemolysin 
A)  coagulase 
B)  enterotoxin 
C)  hemolysin 
D)  hyaluronidase 
E)  coagulase and hemolysin

Question 13

Normal microbiota may cause disease if conditions change in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following diseases may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  malaria 
B)  HIV 
C)  cholera 
D)  chickenpox 
E)  rabies 
A)  malaria 
B)  HIV 
C)  cholera 
D)  chickenpox 
E)  rabies

Question 15

Compare and contrast analytical, descriptive and experimental epidemiology.

Accepted Answer

A goal shared by all three is determinin

Question 16

People who wash their hands frequently during cold season typically have fewer colds than those who do not. This observation suggests cold viruses can be transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A)  fomites. 
B)  mechanical vectors. 
C)  biological vectors. 
D)  direct contact. 
E)  both direct contact and fomites. 
A)  fomites. 
B)  mechanical vectors. 
C)  biological vectors. 
D)  direct contact. 
E)  both direct contact and fomites.

Question 17

A pathogen is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  a microorganism that remains with the person throughout life. 
B)  any microorganism that causes disease. 
C)  an organism that remains in the body for a short time. 
D)  a microorganism that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
E)  a source of microbial contamination. 
A)  a microorganism that remains with the person throughout life. 
B)  any microorganism that causes disease. 
C)  an organism that remains in the body for a short time. 
D)  a microorganism that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
E)  a source of microbial contamination.

Question 18

The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become ________ with microbes that become established as their microbiota. (Choose the most accurate term.)

Accepted Answer

A)  infected 
B)  parasitized 
C)  colonized 
D)  contaminated 
E)  infiltrated 
A)  infected 
B)  parasitized 
C)  colonized 
D)  contaminated 
E)  infiltrated

Question 19

Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  severity and duration of the disease. 
B)  means of transmission. 
C)  organs or organ systems affected by the disease. 
D)  type of microbe that causes the disease. 
E)  disease severity and duration, organ system affected or type of microbe. 
A)  severity and duration of the disease. 
B)  means of transmission. 
C)  organs or organ systems affected by the disease. 
D)  type of microbe that causes the disease. 
E)  disease severity and duration, organ system affected or type of microbe.

Question 20

All diseases go through the stages known as incubation period, prodromal period, and illness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Koch's postulates were used to demonstrate the relationship between

The (incubation/morbidity/prodromal) period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of the disease.

The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and remain viable in the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, what type of transmission has occurred?

Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as

Which of the following is a symptom of disease?

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.

The (intestines/nasal cavities/lungs) are normally axenic.

Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?

Which of the following virulence factors directly contributes to severe inflammation?

Treatment with high doses of antibiotics may lead to which type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

A patient has an upper GI endoscopic procedure and later develops a severe (endogenous/iatrogenic/secondary) infection with the Gram-negative pathogen known as CRE.

Among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase, hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body?

Normal microbiota may cause disease if conditions change in the body.

Which of the following diseases may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures?

Compare and contrast analytical, descriptive and experimental epidemiology.

People who wash their hands frequently during cold season typically have fewer colds than those who do not. This observation suggests cold viruses can be transmitted by

A pathogen is best described as

The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become ________ with microbes that become established as their microbiota. (Choose the most accurate term.)

Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of

All diseases go through the stages known as incubation period, prodromal period, and illness.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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