Question 1

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivates interferons. 
B)  increases vasodilation, contributing to inflammation. 
C)  increases sweating and consequently the barrier effect. 
D)  prevents viral infection of fibroblasts. 
E)  increases the effectiveness of interferons. 
A)  inactivates interferons. 
B)  increases vasodilation, contributing to inflammation. 
C)  increases sweating and consequently the barrier effect. 
D)  prevents viral infection of fibroblasts. 
E)  increases the effectiveness of interferons. E

Question 2

Mucous membranes are quite thin and fragile. How can such delicate tissue provide defense against microbial invaders?

Accepted Answer

A)  the mucus secreted by the mucous membrane physically traps microbes. 
B)  the mucus contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals and molecules. 
C)  both the mucus and the outer layer of cells are shed frequently. 
D)  the mucus is a physical trap that contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals. 
E)  the mucus physically traps microbes, contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and is shed constantly, along with the outermost layer of cells. 
A)  the mucus secreted by the mucous membrane physically traps microbes. 
B)  the mucus contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals and molecules. 
C)  both the mucus and the outer layer of cells are shed frequently. 
D)  the mucus is a physical trap that contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals. 
E)  the mucus physically traps microbes, contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and is shed constantly, along with the outermost layer of cells. E

Question 3

Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

Accepted Answer

A)  basophils 
B)  macrophages 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  basophils 
B)  macrophages 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  eosinophils 
E)  lymphocytes D

Question 4

Which of the following is the best definition of "microbial antagonism"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions 
B)  the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body 
C)  the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions 
D)  the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens 
E)  the presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface 
A)  the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions 
B)  the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body 
C)  the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions 
D)  the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens 
E)  the presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface

Question 5

The resident microbiota have no role in defense against pathogen invasion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The process of phagocytosis involve all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  secretion of cytotoxins. 
C)  adhesion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  vesicle fusion. 
A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  secretion of cytotoxins. 
C)  adhesion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  vesicle fusion.

Question 7

Nonphagocytic (eosinophils/monocytes/NK cells) are a type of lymphocyte which produce toxins to kill abnormal cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nonphagocytic (eosinophils/monocytes/NK cells) are a type of...

Question 8

Intact skin layers are part of the body's (first/second/third) line of defense against pathogens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intact skin layers are part of the...

Question 9

The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of

Accepted Answer

A)  innate immunity. 
B)  adaptive immunity. 
C)  species resistance. 
D)  microbial antagonism. 
E)  both species resistance and adaptive immunity. 
A)  innate immunity. 
B)  adaptive immunity. 
C)  species resistance. 
D)  microbial antagonism. 
E)  both species resistance and adaptive immunity.

Question 10

Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the lack of suitable environment in the body. 
B)  the absence of receptors required for microbial attachment. 
C)  the presence of phagocytes in the tissues. 
D)  the salty, acidic condition of normal skin. 
E)  both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body. 
A)  the lack of suitable environment in the body. 
B)  the absence of receptors required for microbial attachment. 
C)  the presence of phagocytes in the tissues. 
D)  the salty, acidic condition of normal skin. 
E)  both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body.

Question 11

The alternative pathway of complement cascade activation begins with ________ binding to the surface of a microbe.

Accepted Answer

A)  C1 
B)  factor B 
C)  C3b 
D)  C5a 
E)  C5b 
A)  C1 
B)  factor B 
C)  C3b 
D)  C5a 
E)  C5b

Question 12

Which of the following acts as a chemotactic factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  C5a 
B)  interferon β 
C)  leukotriene 
D)  MAC 
E)  factor P 
A)  C5a 
B)  interferon β 
C)  leukotriene 
D)  MAC 
E)  factor P

Question 13

The phenomenon known as chemotaxis is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the squeezing of cells through the lining of capillaries. 
B)  the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
C)  the movement of a cell toward or away from a chemical stimulus. 
D)  the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
E)  an increase in allergies and helminth infection. 
A)  the squeezing of cells through the lining of capillaries. 
B)  the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
C)  the movement of a cell toward or away from a chemical stimulus. 
D)  the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
E)  an increase in allergies and helminth infection.

Question 14

The second line of defense against invading microbes includes

Accepted Answer

A)  the skin. 
B)  mucous membranes. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  phagocytic white blood cells. 
E)  microbiota. 
A)  the skin. 
B)  mucous membranes. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  phagocytic white blood cells. 
E)  microbiota.

Question 15

Examine the WBC count and differential data in Table 15.1. What type of disease is indicated by this set of data?

Accepted Answer

The overall elevation of WBC i

Question 16

Macrophages release (bradykinin/histamine/prostaglandin) in response to microbes and thereby contribute to acute inflammation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Macrophages release (bradykinin/histamine/prostaglandin) in response to microbes...

Question 17

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  tears contain lysozyme and salt. 
B)  a mucus layer traps and removes microbes. 
C)  tears mechanically flush particles from the eyes. 
D)  tears contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes. 
E)  tears and mucus combine to trap microbes and remove them. 
A)  tears contain lysozyme and salt. 
B)  a mucus layer traps and removes microbes. 
C)  tears mechanically flush particles from the eyes. 
D)  tears contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes. 
E)  tears and mucus combine to trap microbes and remove them.

Question 18

Which of the following are macrophage functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis of pathogens and debris 
B)  release of alpha interferon 
C)  production of NETs 
D)  phagocytosis of pathogens and production of NETs 
E)  phagocytosis of pathogens and secretion of alpha interferons and leukotrienes 
A)  phagocytosis of pathogens and debris 
B)  release of alpha interferon 
C)  production of NETs 
D)  phagocytosis of pathogens and production of NETs 
E)  phagocytosis of pathogens and secretion of alpha interferons and leukotrienes

Question 19

White blood cells known as (basophils/lymphocytes/neutrophils) are the main cells involved in the third line of defense.

Accepted Answer

The answer of White blood cells known as (basophils/lymphocytes/neutrophils) are...

Question 20

Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  monocyte 
B)  lymphocyte 
C)  basophil 
D)  eosinophil 
E)  neutrophil 
A)  monocyte 
B)  lymphocyte 
C)  basophil 
D)  eosinophil 
E)  neutrophil

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

Mucous membranes are quite thin and fragile. How can such delicate tissue provide defense against microbial invaders?

Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

Which of the following is the best definition of "microbial antagonism"?

The resident microbiota have no role in defense against pathogen invasion.

The process of phagocytosis involve all of the following EXCEPT

Nonphagocytic (eosinophils/monocytes/NK cells) are a type of lymphocyte which produce toxins to kill abnormal cells.

Intact skin layers are part of the body's (first/second/third) line of defense against pathogens.

The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of

Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of

The alternative pathway of complement cascade activation begins with ________ binding to the surface of a microbe.

Which of the following acts as a chemotactic factor?

The phenomenon known as chemotaxis is defined as

The second line of defense against invading microbes includes

Examine the WBC count and differential data in Table 15.1. What type of disease is indicated by this set of data?

Macrophages release (bradykinin/histamine/prostaglandin) in response to microbes and thereby contribute to acute inflammation.

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Which of the following are macrophage functions?

White blood cells known as (basophils/lymphocytes/neutrophils) are the main cells involved in the third line of defense.

Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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