Question 1

First line of defense may be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
B)  intact skin, mucous membranes, sebum, tears, and so forth. 
C)  damage resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
E)  nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
A)  the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
B)  intact skin, mucous membranes, sebum, tears, and so forth. 
C)  damage resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
E)  nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.

Question 2

Neutrophils can kill bacteria by nonphagocytic mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What antibacterial chemical is present in tear fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies 
B)  complement 
C)  defensins 
D)  lysozyme 
E)  interferon 
A)  antibodies 
B)  complement 
C)  defensins 
D)  lysozyme 
E)  interferon

Question 4

Sebum contains ________ which contributes to creating an inhospitable environment on the surface of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme 
B)  collagens 
C)  acids 
D)  salts 
E)  bile 
A)  lysozyme 
B)  collagens 
C)  acids 
D)  salts 
E)  bile

Question 5

Which of the following cells is a component of the body's first line defense?

Accepted Answer

A)  monocyte 
B)  goblet cell 
C)  NK cell 
D)  neutrophil 
E)  microglial cells 
A)  monocyte 
B)  goblet cell 
C)  NK cell 
D)  neutrophil 
E)  microglial cells

Question 6

Some toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found on the surface of host cells and recognize specific microbial molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What are macrophages, and what are their functions?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages are one of the principal pha

Question 8

In a process called (cytokinesis/hematopoiesis/hematocrit), blood stem cells located in the bone marrow produce the three types of formed elements found in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a process called (cytokinesis/hematopoiesis/hematocrit), blood stem...

Question 9

Intracellular PAMPs are detected by (C1/NOD/TLR) proteins. (Be sure to use capital letters in your answer.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intracellular PAMPs are detected by (C1/NOD/TLR) proteins....

Question 10

The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)  attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. 
B)  triggering inflammation. 
C)  triggering release of interferons. 
D)  triggering inflammation and release of interferons. 
E)  both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. 
A)  attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. 
B)  triggering inflammation. 
C)  triggering release of interferons. 
D)  triggering inflammation and release of interferons. 
E)  both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection.

Question 11

The phenomenon known as species resistance is a highly specific defense against infectious agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Mannose sugar occurs on the surface of some bacteria and fungi and can trigger the

Accepted Answer

A)  release of cytotoxins by NK cells. 
B)  release of histamines by basophils. 
C)  classical pathway of complement activation. 
D)  lectin pathway of complement activation. 
E)  release of NETs by neutrophils. 
A)  release of cytotoxins by NK cells. 
B)  release of histamines by basophils. 
C)  classical pathway of complement activation. 
D)  lectin pathway of complement activation. 
E)  release of NETs by neutrophils.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc. 
B)  They produce the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
C)  They secrete toxins onto the surface of helminth parasites. 
D)  They decline during allergic reaction. 
E)  They release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
A)  They are in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc. 
B)  They produce the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
C)  They secrete toxins onto the surface of helminth parasites. 
D)  They decline during allergic reaction. 
E)  They release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has sebum as a coating. 
B)  It has normal microbiota. 
C)  It has goblet cells. 
D)  It is salty. 
E)  It is acidic. 
A)  It has sebum as a coating. 
B)  It has normal microbiota. 
C)  It has goblet cells. 
D)  It is salty. 
E)  It is acidic.

Question 15

Antimicrobial peptides called ________ are secreted in sweat and damage bacteria and fungi.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies 
B)  dermcidins 
C)  TLRs 
D)  complement factors 
E)  cytokines 
A)  antibodies 
B)  dermcidins 
C)  TLRs 
D)  complement factors 
E)  cytokines

Question 16

What are NOD proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasmic receptors of microbial molecules 
B)  cellular signals triggering inflammation 
C)  receptors of microbial molecules in phagocyte cell membranes 
D)  activators of complement 
E)  chemotactic factors 
A)  cytoplasmic receptors of microbial molecules 
B)  cellular signals triggering inflammation 
C)  receptors of microbial molecules in phagocyte cell membranes 
D)  activators of complement 
E)  chemotactic factors

Question 17

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skin's surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oily substance that lowers the pH...

Question 18

Which of the following areas of the body have mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth 
B)  nasal cavity 
C)  urinary system 
D)  mouth and nasal cavity 
E)  mouth, nasal cavity, and urinary system 
A)  mouth 
B)  nasal cavity 
C)  urinary system 
D)  mouth and nasal cavity 
E)  mouth, nasal cavity, and urinary system

Question 19

What is phagocytosis? What does it involve?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is a process by which a cel

Question 20

The normal microbiota interact with potential pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body, creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The normal microbiota interact with potential pathogens...

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

First line of defense may be described as

Neutrophils can kill bacteria by nonphagocytic mechanisms.

What antibacterial chemical is present in tear fluid?

Sebum contains ________ which contributes to creating an inhospitable environment on the surface of the body.

Which of the following cells is a component of the body's first line defense?

Some toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found on the surface of host cells and recognize specific microbial molecules.

What are macrophages, and what are their functions?

In a process called (cytokinesis/hematopoiesis/hematocrit), blood stem cells located in the bone marrow produce the three types of formed elements found in the blood.

Intracellular PAMPs are detected by (C1/NOD/TLR) proteins. (Be sure to use capital letters in your answer.)

The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to

The phenomenon known as species resistance is a highly specific defense against infectious agents.

Mannose sugar occurs on the surface of some bacteria and fungi and can trigger the

Which of the following statements is true of eosinophils?

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is false?

Antimicrobial peptides called ________ are secreted in sweat and damage bacteria and fungi.

What are NOD proteins?

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skin's surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

Which of the following areas of the body have mucous membranes?

What is phagocytosis? What does it involve?

The normal microbiota interact with potential pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body, creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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