Question 1

The leukocytes called natural killer lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

A)  release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
B)  increase in allergies and helminth infection. 
C)  respond to the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
D)  are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virus-infected cells. 
E)  are specialists in killing bacteria. 
A)  release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
B)  increase in allergies and helminth infection. 
C)  respond to the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
D)  are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virus-infected cells. 
E)  are specialists in killing bacteria.

Question 2

Sweat glands produce (lysozyme/dermcidin/acid), which destroys the cell wall of bacteria by cleaving the bonds between the sugar subunits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sweat glands produce (lysozyme/dermcidin/acid), which destroys the...

Question 3

Opsonization is

Accepted Answer

A)  the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis. 
B)  the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. 
C)  damage resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  nonspecific leukocyte secretion of toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
E)  phagocyte receptors detecting PAMPs. 
A)  the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis. 
B)  the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. 
C)  damage resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  nonspecific leukocyte secretion of toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
E)  phagocyte receptors detecting PAMPs.

Question 4

Interferons alpha and beta are effective against viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Response to specific pathogens that can improve with subsequent exposure is

Accepted Answer

A)  the first line of defense. 
B)  the second line of defense. 
C)  the third line of defense. 
D)  microbial antagonism. 
E)  innate immunity. 
A)  the first line of defense. 
B)  the second line of defense. 
C)  the third line of defense. 
D)  microbial antagonism. 
E)  innate immunity.

Question 6

TLRs are

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs. 
B)  the coatings of pathogens by complement. 
C)  molecules that damage cells, resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  present in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc. 
E)  nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
A)  phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs. 
B)  the coatings of pathogens by complement. 
C)  molecules that damage cells, resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  present in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc. 
E)  nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.

Question 7

Alpha and beta interferons

Accepted Answer

A)  help protect virus-infected cells from the effects of the pathogen. 
B)  protect the cells that secrete them from being invaded by a virus. 
C)  are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages. 
D)  produce active antiviral proteins (AVPs) that coat the surface of healthy cells and prevent the attachment of pathogenic viruses. 
E)  produce no adverse effects in the body. 
A)  help protect virus-infected cells from the effects of the pathogen. 
B)  protect the cells that secrete them from being invaded by a virus. 
C)  are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages. 
D)  produce active antiviral proteins (AVPs) that coat the surface of healthy cells and prevent the attachment of pathogenic viruses. 
E)  produce no adverse effects in the body.

Question 8

Describe the events of the acute inflammatory response and their effect on a site of infection. Include the cells and chemicals involved.

Accepted Answer

The events of the acute inflammatory res

Question 9

Which of the following leukocytes are called "agranulocytes" because of the absence of granules in their cytoplasm revealed by basic or acidic dyes?

Accepted Answer

A)  eosinophils 
B)  basophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  neutrophils 
E)  both basophils and eosinophils 
A)  eosinophils 
B)  basophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  neutrophils 
E)  both basophils and eosinophils

Question 10

Which of the following proteins are part of the first line of defense against microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  dermcidins 
B)  TLRs 
C)  NOD proteins 
D)  C3 and C5 
E)  interferons 
A)  dermcidins 
B)  TLRs 
C)  NOD proteins 
D)  C3 and C5 
E)  interferons

Question 11

Innate immunity is not effective against fungus infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Eosinophils respond to (complement/lipopolysaccharide/histamines) and kill bacteria in a nonphagocytic process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eosinophils respond to (complement/lipopolysaccharide/histamines) and kill bacteria...

Question 13

Inflammation is an important part of the body's first line of defense, and it involves migration of phagocytes to the area.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe at least three physical mechanisms that are part of the first line of defense.

Accepted Answer

Physical mechanisms include the skin, th

Question 15

Cells of the second line of defense called ________ recognize and kill virus-infected cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  basophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  macrophages 
D)  NK cells 
E)  dendritic cells 
A)  basophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  macrophages 
D)  NK cells 
E)  dendritic cells

Question 16

Neutrophils use their own (DNA/RNA/TLR) in the formation of NETs to trap bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neutrophils use their own (DNA/RNA/TLR) in the...

Question 17

Sweat can cause damage to bacteria because it contains salt and lysozyme.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Proteins on the surface of phagocytes called ________ aid in the detection of pathogen molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  lectins 
B)  TLRs 
C)  NOD proteins 
D)  lectins and C3 protein 
E)  both TLRs and NOD proteins 
A)  lectins 
B)  TLRs 
C)  NOD proteins 
D)  lectins and C3 protein 
E)  both TLRs and NOD proteins

Question 19

Some pathogens produce toxins which function as (histamines/prostaglandins/pyrogens) to cause fever.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some pathogens produce toxins which function as...

Question 20

Which of the following substances contributes to the edema associated with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  leukotrienes 
B)  histamine 
C)  interferon 
D)  defensin 
E)  both leukotrienes and histamine 
A)  leukotrienes 
B)  histamine 
C)  interferon 
D)  defensin 
E)  both leukotrienes and histamine

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

The leukocytes called natural killer lymphocytes

Sweat glands produce (lysozyme/dermcidin/acid), which destroys the cell wall of bacteria by cleaving the bonds between the sugar subunits.

Opsonization is

Interferons alpha and beta are effective against viruses.

Response to specific pathogens that can improve with subsequent exposure is

TLRs are

Alpha and beta interferons

Describe the events of the acute inflammatory response and their effect on a site of infection. Include the cells and chemicals involved.

Which of the following leukocytes are called "agranulocytes" because of the absence of granules in their cytoplasm revealed by basic or acidic dyes?

Which of the following proteins are part of the first line of defense against microbial invasion?

Innate immunity is not effective against fungus infections.

Eosinophils respond to (complement/lipopolysaccharide/histamines) and kill bacteria in a nonphagocytic process.

Inflammation is an important part of the body's first line of defense, and it involves migration of phagocytes to the area.

Describe at least three physical mechanisms that are part of the first line of defense.

Cells of the second line of defense called ________ recognize and kill virus-infected cells.

Neutrophils use their own (DNA/RNA/TLR) in the formation of NETs to trap bacteria.

Sweat can cause damage to bacteria because it contains salt and lysozyme.

Proteins on the surface of phagocytes called ________ aid in the detection of pathogen molecules.

Some pathogens produce toxins which function as (histamines/prostaglandins/pyrogens) to cause fever.

Which of the following substances contributes to the edema associated with inflammation?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

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Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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