Exam 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

How, according to the British empiricists, was knowledge acquired?

Which psychological perspective stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from the past?

Compare the goals and methods of structuralism and functionalism.

A psychologist emphasizes individual values and choice and how people can fulfill their own potential. Most likely, she follows the

For each of the psychological perspectives, differentiate between their conceptions of human nature, major causal factors of behaviour, predominant focus and methods of behaviour.

Sigmund Freud assumed that humans are in a never-ending internal struggle because of the continuous conflict between

Two early humans go hunting for food. They have comparable intelligence. Brawn is strong and fast; Timorous is scrawny and easily tired by vigorous exercise. The men are attacked by a panther. They both run, but Timorous lags behind and is killed by the panther. The panther then chases and overcomes Brawn, who manages to fight off the panther and escape. Brawn passes his strength and speed on to many children; Timorous had only one child before he died. What process is responsible for Brawn's having more offspring than Timorous?

What is meant by the interaction of causal factors?

A person who is depressed begins eating poorly and quits exercising. These behaviours in turn result in a change in the person's physiology. This would be an example of

The training and practice of psychiatrists is, for all intents and purposes, the same as that of psychologists who perform mental-health services.

Some individuals believe that complex social behaviours can be influenced by evolution. They also believe that natural selection favours behaviours that increase the chances that certain genes will be passed on to the next generation. These individuals are associated with

Sigmund Freud first thought that his patients were creating fantasies about being sexually abused as children, but he later revised this view and stressed that he believed these reports to be real and accurate.

Most industrialized cultures such as North America and Europe emphasize a different cultural orientation than cultures such as those in Asia, Africa, and South America. In Asia, Africa, and South America, the cultural orientation emphasis is on

Freud's psychoanalytic perspective suggested that humans have inborn ___________ drives.

Karen is interested in how the presence of other people influences an individual's performance on cognitive tasks, like written tests, compared to motor tasks, like jump rope. Karen's research would likely fall into which subfield of psychology?

Modern psychodynamic theory differs from Freud's traditional psychoanalytic theory in that the modern approach

The psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives are similar in that both

You overhear two psychologists talking about human behaviour. Professor A believes that humans are controlled by inner forces and conflicts while Professor B states that humans are basically the same as animals. Most likely, Professor A follows the ________ perspective, while Professor B follows the ______ perspective.

All of the following are biological factors associated with depression EXCEPT which of the following?

Charles Whitman was a mass murderer with no previous history of violence. After Charles Whitman committed several murders and suicide, an autopsy revealed that he had a malignant tumour in an area of the brain associated with aggression. Psychologists who cite this fact in an attempt to explain what happened are focused on which level of analysis?