Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding how the DNA in your bodyʹs cells can accumulate mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spontaneous mutation rates are around one in every four nucleotides that are replicated. 
B)  Mistakes are never made during DNA replication; they always occur during the G1 phase of interphase. 
C)  Some DNA spontaneously breaks down every second, making the chromosome significantly shorter with every passing day. 
D)  The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight may induce changes in DNA. 
A)  Spontaneous mutation rates are around one in every four nucleotides that are replicated. 
B)  Mistakes are never made during DNA replication; they always occur during the G1 phase of interphase. 
C)  Some DNA spontaneously breaks down every second, making the chromosome significantly shorter with every passing day. 
D)  The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight may induce changes in DNA.

Question 2

In Griffithʹs experiments, what happened when heat-killed S-strain bacteria were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins released from the heat-killed S-strain killed the mouse. 
B)  DNA from the heat-killed S-strain was taken up by the live R-strain, converting them to S-strain and killing the mouse. 
C)  RNA from the heat-killed S-strain was translated into proteins that killed the mouse. 
D)  DNA from the live R-strain was taken up by the heat-killed S-strain, converting them to R-strain and killing the mouse. 
A)  Proteins released from the heat-killed S-strain killed the mouse. 
B)  DNA from the heat-killed S-strain was taken up by the live R-strain, converting them to S-strain and killing the mouse. 
C)  RNA from the heat-killed S-strain was translated into proteins that killed the mouse. 
D)  DNA from the live R-strain was taken up by the heat-killed S-strain, converting them to R-strain and killing the mouse.

Question 3

How do scientists know that proofreading occurs during and after the DNA replication process?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase mismatches base

Question 4

__________replication is the process when DNA uses one parental strand and synthesizes a new strand, resulting in each daughter cell having a new and parental DNA strand.

Accepted Answer

A)  Redundant 
B)  Inversion 
C)  Conservative 
D)  Semiconservative 
A)  Redundant 
B)  Inversion 
C)  Conservative 
D)  Semiconservative

Question 5

The basic subunits of DNA are the__________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The basic subunits of DNA are the__________...

Question 6

What are the three main components of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A DNA nucleotide con

Question 7

DNA ligase is important in the replication process because it can join together segments of DNA into a single daughter strand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In a DNA molecule, base pairing occurs between

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine and thymine. 
B)  adenine and uracil. 
C)  thymine and cytosine. 
D)  guanine and uracil. 
E)  adenine and guanine. 
A)  adenine and thymine. 
B)  adenine and uracil. 
C)  thymine and cytosine. 
D)  guanine and uracil. 
E)  adenine and guanine.

Question 9

The way DNA stores information is through the__________ of bases.

Accepted Answer

A)  number 
B)  different types 
C)  sequence 
D)  size 
A)  number 
B)  different types 
C)  sequence 
D)  size

Question 10

Imagine that a DNA sequence of 5ʹ-A-C-G-T-A-C-G-T-3ʹ is altered to 5ʹ-A-C-G-C-A-C-G-T-3ʹ. This could happen as a result of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  insertion mutation. 
B)  deletion mutation. 
C)  translocation. 
D)  nucleotide substitution mutation. 
E)  inversion. 
A)  insertion mutation. 
B)  deletion mutation. 
C)  translocation. 
D)  nucleotide substitution mutation. 
E)  inversion.

Question 11

All of the following are found in DNA EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  thymine. 
B)  a phospholipid group. 
C)  deoxyribose. 
D)  a phosphate group. 
E)  guanine. 
A)  thymine. 
B)  a phospholipid group. 
C)  deoxyribose. 
D)  a phosphate group. 
E)  guanine.

Question 12

What was the most significant conclusion of Griffithʹs experiments with pneumonia in mice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mice exposed to the S-strain bacterium became resistant to the R-strain bacterium. 
B)  S-strain bacteria can cause pneumonia. 
C)  Heat destroys the hereditary material. 
D)  There is a substance present in dead bacteria that can cause a heritable change in living bacteria. 
E)  The genetic material was definitively proven to be DNA. 
A)  Mice exposed to the S-strain bacterium became resistant to the R-strain bacterium. 
B)  S-strain bacteria can cause pneumonia. 
C)  Heat destroys the hereditary material. 
D)  There is a substance present in dead bacteria that can cause a heritable change in living bacteria. 
E)  The genetic material was definitively proven to be DNA.

Question 13

Suppose a scientist working on a new drug for cancer developed a chemical that irreversibly breaks the hydrogen bonds in the DNA molecules within cancerous cells but leaves all of the covalent bonds intact. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak compared to covalent bonds, and they are routinely broken and reformed as the DNA molecule is replicated in a normal cell. Their stability is nonetheless critical for maintaining certain aspects of the structure and function of the DNA molecule. Based on this scenario and your knowledge of DNA, how would this newly discovered chemical affect the ʺmolecule of heredityʺ in a human cancer cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would allow the DNA molecule to function normally except during replication. 
B)  It would break the individual strands of the DNA molecule apart, preventing it from functioning normally. 
C)  It would break the two strands of the DNA molecule apart, preventing it from functioning normally. 
D)  It would result in constant DNA replication within the cell. 
A)  It would allow the DNA molecule to function normally except during replication. 
B)  It would break the individual strands of the DNA molecule apart, preventing it from functioning normally. 
C)  It would break the two strands of the DNA molecule apart, preventing it from functioning normally. 
D)  It would result in constant DNA replication within the cell.

Question 14

Imagine that a DNA sequence of 5ʹ-A-C-G-T-A-C-G-T-3ʹ is altered to 5ʹ-A-C-G-A-C-G-T-3ʹ. This could happen as a result of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  deletion mutation. 
B)  translocation. 
C)  insertion mutation. 
D)  inversion. 
E)  nucleotide substitution mutation. 
A)  deletion mutation. 
B)  translocation. 
C)  insertion mutation. 
D)  inversion. 
E)  nucleotide substitution mutation.

Question 15

Mutations are a source of genetic__________ by which evolutionary change is possible.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproduction 
B)  variability 
C)  stability 
D)  constancy 
A)  reproduction 
B)  variability 
C)  stability 
D)  constancy

Question 16

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the accuracy of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because repair enzymes mend the errors. 
B)  DNA polymerase makes very few errors, so no repair enzymes are needed. 
C)  The few errors made by DNA polymerase are usually corrected by repair enzymes. 
D)  DNA polymerase always makes a perfect copy of the original DNA. 
E)  Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because of the immense size of the DNA molecule. 
A)  Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because repair enzymes mend the errors. 
B)  DNA polymerase makes very few errors, so no repair enzymes are needed. 
C)  The few errors made by DNA polymerase are usually corrected by repair enzymes. 
D)  DNA polymerase always makes a perfect copy of the original DNA. 
E)  Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because of the immense size of the DNA molecule.

Question 18

How many different kinds of nucleotides are in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Four 
B)  Millions 
C)  Hundreds or thousands 
D)  Two 
A)  Four 
B)  Millions 
C)  Hundreds or thousands 
D)  Two

Question 19

A cell that lacks the ability to make DNA repair enzymes will

Accepted Answer

A)  be unable to replicate its DNA. 
B)  replicate its DNA as well as a cell with intact repair enzymes. 
C)  be able to correctly replicate its DNA, but it will need more time to do so. 
D)  replicate its DNA as rapidly as a normal cell, but the resulting DNA will have more errors in it. 
A)  be unable to replicate its DNA. 
B)  replicate its DNA as well as a cell with intact repair enzymes. 
C)  be able to correctly replicate its DNA, but it will need more time to do so. 
D)  replicate its DNA as rapidly as a normal cell, but the resulting DNA will have more errors in it.

Question 20

At one end of a double helix, one strand has a free sugar (3?) group and the other strand has a free__________ group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At one end of a double helix,...

Exam 12: DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Which of the following is TRUE regarding how the DNA in your bodyʹs cells can accumulate mutations?

In Griffithʹs experiments, what happened when heat-killed S-strain bacteria were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain bacteria?

How do scientists know that proofreading occurs during and after the DNA replication process?

__________replication is the process when DNA uses one parental strand and synthesizes a new strand, resulting in each daughter cell having a new and parental DNA strand.

The basic subunits of DNA are the__________ .

What are the three main components of a DNA nucleotide?

DNA ligase is important in the replication process because it can join together segments of DNA into a single daughter strand.

In a DNA molecule, base pairing occurs between

The way DNA stores information is through the__________ of bases.

Imagine that a DNA sequence of 5ʹ-A-C-G-T-A-C-G-T-3ʹ is altered to 5ʹ-A-C-G-C-A-C-G-T-3ʹ. This could happen as a result of a(n)

All of the following are found in DNA EXCEPT

What was the most significant conclusion of Griffithʹs experiments with pneumonia in mice?

Imagine that a DNA sequence of 5ʹ-A-C-G-T-A-C-G-T-3ʹ is altered to 5ʹ-A-C-G-A-C-G-T-3ʹ. This could happen as a result of a(n)

Mutations are a source of genetic__________ by which evolutionary change is possible.

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Which of the following is TRUE about the accuracy of DNA replication?

How many different kinds of nucleotides are in DNA?

A cell that lacks the ability to make DNA repair enzymes will

At one end of a double helix, one strand has a free sugar (3?) group and the other strand has a free__________ group.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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