Exam 12: DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

All of the following occur during DNA replication EXCEPT

The DNA of chromosomes is composed of two strands wound about each other in the shape of a __________.

When DNA polymerase encounters thymine in the parental strand, what does it add to the growing daughter strand?

DNA polymerase has the ability to match the nucleotide base in the parental strand with a free nucleotide that is complementary to that base. It then forms the covalent bonds between the nucleotides in the growing daughter strand of DNA.

Inversions are movements of DNA from one chromosome to another.

Which of the following is NOT involved in the DNA replication process?

When chromosomes replicate

By the early 1950s, many biologists realized that the key to understanding inheritance lay in the structure of

DNA possesses

When Hershey and Chase labeled phage with radioactive phosphorus, they concluded that the phage injects its DNA, not protein, into its host. These conclusions were based on the observation that the radioactive DNA ended up where?

A DNA nucleotide is made up of

DNA replication uses __________base pairing to ensure genetic constancy.

In semiconservative replication, a DNA molecule serves as a template for a new DNA molecule, which consists of either both parental strands of DNA or both newly synthesized strands of DNA.

The number of subunits in a DNA molecule is more important to its function than the sequence of these subunits.

DNA__________ breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs during DNA replication.

Most mutations are harmful or neutral, although in rare instances some can be beneficial.

Based on this figure, which molecule would attach to the 5ʹ phosphate end of the DNA strand on the right?

Regarding the structure of DNA, which of the following joins adenine and thymine and also guanine and cytosine?

Bacterial cells have only one DNA molecule, which is double stranded and is replicated in essentially the same fashion as in eukaryotes. Imagine that, following the techniques of other scientists studying DNA, you created a bacterial cell that contains only radioactive nitrogen in its DNA. You then place the cell in a culture medium containing only ʺregularʺ (nonradioactive) nitrogen. Based on this scenario and your knowledge of DNA structure and replication, how many cells will contain some DNA with radioactive nitrogen after four rounds of cell replication?

DNA polymerase and other repair enzymes__________ the newly synthesized DNA strand during and after the replication process.