Question 1

How much air enters the lungs of an average-sized adult when breathing normally?

Accepted Answer

A)  275 milliliters 
B)  750 milliliters 
C)  1,000 milliliters 
D)  125 milliliters 
E)  500 milliliters 
A)  275 milliliters 
B)  750 milliliters 
C)  1,000 milliliters 
D)  125 milliliters 
E)  500 milliliters

Question 2

Which of the following structures decreases diffusion distances for oxygen and carbon dioxide by delivering air directly to body cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tracheoles 
B)  Bronchi 
C)  Spiracles 
D)  Parabronchi 
E)  Gill filaments 
A)  Tracheoles 
B)  Bronchi 
C)  Spiracles 
D)  Parabronchi 
E)  Gill filaments

Question 3

Which of the following occurs in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air loses all of its oxygen. 
B)  As oxygen-poor blood travels through the lungs, it releases all of its carbon dioxide. 
C)  Gases move by bulk flow into and out of the blood. 
D)  Some of the oxygen in the air moves into the blood, and some of the carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the air. 
E)  Oxygen and carbon dioxide move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. 
A)  Air loses all of its oxygen. 
B)  As oxygen-poor blood travels through the lungs, it releases all of its carbon dioxide. 
C)  Gases move by bulk flow into and out of the blood. 
D)  Some of the oxygen in the air moves into the blood, and some of the carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the air. 
E)  Oxygen and carbon dioxide move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.

Question 4

How are cellular respiration and organismal respiration related?

Accepted Answer

Cells carry out cellular respi

Question 5

The respiratory center is very sensitive to changes in l_________evels, but not very sensitive to changes in _________levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood sugar; hormone 
B)  carbon dioxide; oxygen 
C)  temperature; blood pressure 
D)  oxygen; carbon dioxide 
E)  hormone; blood sugar 
A)  blood sugar; hormone 
B)  carbon dioxide; oxygen 
C)  temperature; blood pressure 
D)  oxygen; carbon dioxide 
E)  hormone; blood sugar

Question 6

Which of the following events initiates the process of exhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraction of the diaphragm 
B)  Contraction of the intercostal (rib) muscles 
C)  Expansion of the lungs 
D)  Relaxation of the diaphragm 
A)  Contraction of the diaphragm 
B)  Contraction of the intercostal (rib) muscles 
C)  Expansion of the lungs 
D)  Relaxation of the diaphragm

Question 7

The respiratory membrane is a combination of

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchi and air sacs. 
B)  bronchioles and capillary walls. 
C)  bronchi and bronchioles. 
D)  alveolar and capillary walls. 
E)  bronchioles and air sacs. 
A)  bronchi and air sacs. 
B)  bronchioles and capillary walls. 
C)  bronchi and bronchioles. 
D)  alveolar and capillary walls. 
E)  bronchioles and air sacs.

Question 8

The cells that line the human respiratory passageways secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  water. 
D)  blood. 
E)  mucus. 
A)  hormones. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  water. 
D)  blood. 
E)  mucus.

Question 9

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The mutation causes the afflicted individual to produce thick, sticky mucus that the cilia lining the respiratory tract canʹt easily remove. There is no cure for CF, and most individuals suffering from this condition die in their 20s or 30s. Based on this scenario, what would you conclude about people who have CF?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have excessive growth rates that result in gigantism. 
B)  They have extremely thin skin that is easily damaged. 
C)  They suffer from incessant coughing and chronic lung infections. 
D)  They have elevated oxygen levels in their blood. 
E)  They have dangerously high blood pressure. 
A)  They have excessive growth rates that result in gigantism. 
B)  They have extremely thin skin that is easily damaged. 
C)  They suffer from incessant coughing and chronic lung infections. 
D)  They have elevated oxygen levels in their blood. 
E)  They have dangerously high blood pressure.

Question 10

Hemoglobin is a respiratory protein. Its function is to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove toxins from plasma. 
B)  provide structural integrity to red blood cells. 
C)  attract lymphocytes to damaged tissues. 
D)  increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. 
E)  assist in blood clotting. 
A)  remove toxins from plasma. 
B)  provide structural integrity to red blood cells. 
C)  attract lymphocytes to damaged tissues. 
D)  increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. 
E)  assist in blood clotting.

Question 11

Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood by all of the following methods, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  as CO within red blood cells. 
B)  carried in plasma as HCO3-. 
C)  dissolved in plasma as CO2. 
D)  bound to hemoglobin. 
A)  as CO within red blood cells. 
B)  carried in plasma as HCO3-. 
C)  dissolved in plasma as CO2. 
D)  bound to hemoglobin.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of breathing secondhand smoke?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonsmoking spouses of smokers have a 30% lower risk of heart attack. 
B)  Smokers are more likely to have increased lung capacity. 
C)  Nonsmoking children of smokers are less likely to develop atherosclerosis. 
D)  Nonsmoking children of smokers are more likely to contract pneumonia. 
A)  Nonsmoking spouses of smokers have a 30% lower risk of heart attack. 
B)  Smokers are more likely to have increased lung capacity. 
C)  Nonsmoking children of smokers are less likely to develop atherosclerosis. 
D)  Nonsmoking children of smokers are more likely to contract pneumonia.

Question 13

Why does a typical fish die quickly when it is removed from water?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gills collapse and dry out in the air. 
B)  Water contains more oxygen, per unit volume, than does air. 
C)  Oxygen diffuses more rapidly in water than it does in air. 
D)  Gills split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, which is used for cellular respiration. 
A)  The gills collapse and dry out in the air. 
B)  Water contains more oxygen, per unit volume, than does air. 
C)  Oxygen diffuses more rapidly in water than it does in air. 
D)  Gills split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, which is used for cellular respiration.

Question 14

What happens during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heart pumps blood to the lungs. 
B)  Air exits the alveoli. 
C)  The intercostal muscles relax. 
D)  The chest cavity decreases in size. 
E)  The diaphragm contracts. 
A)  The heart pumps blood to the lungs. 
B)  Air exits the alveoli. 
C)  The intercostal muscles relax. 
D)  The chest cavity decreases in size. 
E)  The diaphragm contracts.

Question 15

How is the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide related to their concentration gradients?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen and carbon dioxide mole

Question 16

All flatworms use their skin as a respiratory organ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Where does gas exchange occur in the mammalian lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchi 
B)  The pharynx 
C)  The trachea 
D)  Bronchioles 
E)  Alveoli 
A)  Bronchi 
B)  The pharynx 
C)  The trachea 
D)  Bronchioles 
E)  Alveoli

Question 18

Some fishes can extract 80% of the oxygen from water flowing through their gills through countercurrent exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Air flow into and out of the lungs is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  facilitated diffusion. 
E)  bulk flow. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  facilitated diffusion. 
E)  bulk flow.

Question 20

What keeps the trachea from collapsing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surface tension of water 
B)  Surfactant 
C)  Cilia 
D)  Semicircular rings of cartilage 
A)  Surface tension of water 
B)  Surfactant 
C)  Cilia 
D)  Semicircular rings of cartilage

Exam 34: Respiration

How much air enters the lungs of an average-sized adult when breathing normally?

Which of the following structures decreases diffusion distances for oxygen and carbon dioxide by delivering air directly to body cells?

Which of the following occurs in the lungs?

How are cellular respiration and organismal respiration related?

The respiratory center is very sensitive to changes in l_________evels, but not very sensitive to changes in _________levels.

Which of the following events initiates the process of exhalation?

The respiratory membrane is a combination of

The cells that line the human respiratory passageways secrete

Hemoglobin is a respiratory protein. Its function is to

Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood by all of the following methods, EXCEPT

Which of the following is a consequence of breathing secondhand smoke?

Why does a typical fish die quickly when it is removed from water?

What happens during inhalation?

How is the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide related to their concentration gradients?

All flatworms use their skin as a respiratory organ.

Where does gas exchange occur in the mammalian lung?

Some fishes can extract 80% of the oxygen from water flowing through their gills through countercurrent exchange.

Air flow into and out of the lungs is an example of

What keeps the trachea from collapsing?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

The respiratory center is very sensitive to changes in l_evels, but not very sensitive to changes in _levels.