Question 1

Most specialized immune cells are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  gall bladder. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  lymph nodes. 
D)  thyroid gland. 
A)  gall bladder. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  lymph nodes. 
D)  thyroid gland.

Question 2

An autoimmune disease is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  ʺanti-selfʺ antibodies that can destroy some ʺselfʺ cells. 
B)  the absence of an inflammatory response. 
C)  an insufficient or completely inactivated immune system. 
D)  increased lysozyme enzyme concentration in saliva, tears, and mucous secretions. 
A)  ʺanti-selfʺ antibodies that can destroy some ʺselfʺ cells. 
B)  the absence of an inflammatory response. 
C)  an insufficient or completely inactivated immune system. 
D)  increased lysozyme enzyme concentration in saliva, tears, and mucous secretions.

Question 3

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

HIV stands for human______virus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of HIV stands for human______virus....

Question 5

B cells and T cells cannot design and build antibodies or T-cell receptors to fit specific invading antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Why do inflamed tissues appear red, swollen, and warm?

Accepted Answer

Affected cells release histami

Question 7

The constant region of an antibody

Accepted Answer

A)  determines where the antibody is located and its role in the immune response. 
B)  has no function. 
C)  stimulates the production of macrophages and T-cells. 
D)  recognizes and binds to the antigen. 
A)  determines where the antibody is located and its role in the immune response. 
B)  has no function. 
C)  stimulates the production of macrophages and T-cells. 
D)  recognizes and binds to the antigen.

Question 8

Where on the Y-shaped antibody does an antigen bind?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stem of the Y 
B)  Constant region of the heavy chain 
C)  Constant region of the light chain 
D)  Tip of the arm 
A)  Stem of the Y 
B)  Constant region of the heavy chain 
C)  Constant region of the light chain 
D)  Tip of the arm

Question 9

Fever is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased white blood cell count in the bloodstream. 
B)  increased blood flow to the brain. 
C)  the effect of pyrogens on the hypothalamus. 
D)  the release of histamine by damaged cells. 
A)  decreased white blood cell count in the bloodstream. 
B)  increased blood flow to the brain. 
C)  the effect of pyrogens on the hypothalamus. 
D)  the release of histamine by damaged cells.

Question 10

Complement is a collection of

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies. 
B)  phagocytic cells that consume virus-infected body cells. 
C)  nonspecific antigens. 
D)  antibiotics. 
E)  blood proteins that assist antibodies. 
A)  antibodies. 
B)  phagocytic cells that consume virus-infected body cells. 
C)  nonspecific antigens. 
D)  antibiotics. 
E)  blood proteins that assist antibodies.

Question 11

Antibiotics are NOT effective against

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  protists. 
D)  viruses. 
A)  fungi. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  protists. 
D)  viruses.

Question 12

Vaccinations involve injecting__________ into the person or animal.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics 
B)  weakened or killed microbes 
C)  antibodies against the disease 
D)  the disease itself 
E)  antibodies against similar diseases 
A)  antibiotics 
B)  weakened or killed microbes 
C)  antibodies against the disease 
D)  the disease itself 
E)  antibodies against similar diseases

Question 13

Individual B cells produce

Accepted Answer

A)  the antibodies specified by its constant region gene. 
B)  several different types of antibodies. 
C)  an infinite diversity of antibodies. 
D)  their own unique antibody. 
A)  the antibodies specified by its constant region gene. 
B)  several different types of antibodies. 
C)  an infinite diversity of antibodies. 
D)  their own unique antibody.

Question 14

ʺBig eaterʺ cells that ingest and destroy microbes are

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  T cells. 
D)  natural killer cells. 
E)  mast cells. 
A)  plasma cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  T cells. 
D)  natural killer cells. 
E)  mast cells.

Question 15

__________immunity deals with microbes circulating in your bloodstream, whereas__________immunity deals with microbes hiding within body cells.

Accepted Answer

Humoral; c

Question 16

How does the skin act as a barrier to microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dead skin cells are packed with keratin, an antibacterial protein that punches holes in bacterial membranes. 
B)  Sweat and sebaceous gland secretions inhibit bacterial growth. 
C)  It releases B cells and T cells to fight infections. 
D)  Dendritic cells patrol the skinʹs surface, producing secretions that inhibit microbe growth. 
A)  Dead skin cells are packed with keratin, an antibacterial protein that punches holes in bacterial membranes. 
B)  Sweat and sebaceous gland secretions inhibit bacterial growth. 
C)  It releases B cells and T cells to fight infections. 
D)  Dendritic cells patrol the skinʹs surface, producing secretions that inhibit microbe growth.

Question 17

Antibodies are nonspecific.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of histamine release?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood flow 
B)  Constriction of the smooth muscle that surrounds arterioles 
C)  Leaky capillary walls 
D)  Initiation of blood clotting 
A)  Decreased blood flow 
B)  Constriction of the smooth muscle that surrounds arterioles 
C)  Leaky capillary walls 
D)  Initiation of blood clotting

Question 19

Your immune system has identified some body cells infected with an influenza (flu) virus. Which of the following will the immune system use to destroy these infected cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells 
B)  Antibodies 
C)  Phagocytes 
D)  Antigens 
E)  Cytotoxic T cells 
A)  B cells 
B)  Antibodies 
C)  Phagocytes 
D)  Antigens 
E)  Cytotoxic T cells

Question 20

You are a forensic biologist and have been asked to review the files of an old, unsolved murder case. The autopsy report is missing a lot of important information, but you read that the victim had a thymus gland that was just starting to shrink. Based on this information alone, what can you conclude about the victim?

Accepted Answer

A)  He died of natural causes, most likely an autoimmune disease. 
B)  He was between 12 and 16 years old. 
C)  He was between 1 and 6 years old. 
D)  His lymphatic system was infected and being destroyed by an unknown virus. 
A)  He died of natural causes, most likely an autoimmune disease. 
B)  He was between 12 and 16 years old. 
C)  He was between 1 and 6 years old. 
D)  His lymphatic system was infected and being destroyed by an unknown virus.

Exam 37: Defenses Against Disease

Most specialized immune cells are located in the

An autoimmune disease is characterized by

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States.

HIV stands for human______virus.

B cells and T cells cannot design and build antibodies or T-cell receptors to fit specific invading antigens.

Why do inflamed tissues appear red, swollen, and warm?

The constant region of an antibody

Where on the Y-shaped antibody does an antigen bind?

Fever is caused by

Complement is a collection of

Antibiotics are NOT effective against

Vaccinations involve injecting__________ into the person or animal.

Individual B cells produce

ʺBig eaterʺ cells that ingest and destroy microbes are

__________immunity deals with microbes circulating in your bloodstream, whereas__________immunity deals with microbes hiding within body cells.

How does the skin act as a barrier to microbial invasion?

Antibodies are nonspecific.

Which of the following is a consequence of histamine release?

Your immune system has identified some body cells infected with an influenza (flu) virus. Which of the following will the immune system use to destroy these infected cells?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

immunity deals with microbes circulating in your bloodstream, whereasimmunity deals with microbes hiding within body cells.