Question 1

Nonspecific internal defenses include

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells. 
B)  plasma cells. 
C)  inflammation. 
D)  tears and saliva. 
E)  skin. 
A)  T cells. 
B)  plasma cells. 
C)  inflammation. 
D)  tears and saliva. 
E)  skin.

Question 2

Plasma cells are derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  B cells. 
D)  T cells. 
E)  dendritic cells. 
A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  B cells. 
D)  T cells. 
E)  dendritic cells.

Question 3

Natural killer cells

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy body cells that have been invaded by viruses. 
B)  are located on the surface of the skin. 
C)  are a type of lymphocyte. 
D)  produce secretions that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes. 
E)  engulf and destroy invading bacteria. 
A)  destroy body cells that have been invaded by viruses. 
B)  are located on the surface of the skin. 
C)  are a type of lymphocyte. 
D)  produce secretions that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes. 
E)  engulf and destroy invading bacteria.

Question 4

Vaccinations are effective because they stimulate the production of __________cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T 
B)  memory 
C)  helper T 
D)  plasma 
A)  cytotoxic T 
B)  memory 
C)  helper T 
D)  plasma

Question 5

MHC proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  help white blood cells distinguish ʺselfʺ from ʺnon-self.ʺ 
B)  control antibody gene expression. 
C)  cause cancer. 
D)  are released by T cells during an infection to kill virus-infected cells. 
A)  help white blood cells distinguish ʺselfʺ from ʺnon-self.ʺ 
B)  control antibody gene expression. 
C)  cause cancer. 
D)  are released by T cells during an infection to kill virus-infected cells.

Question 6

Allergies occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  mast cells release histamine in response to harmless substances. 
B)  too much complement is released into the blood. 
C)  antibodies malfunction and attack ʺselfʺ cells. 
D)  foreign MHC proteins trigger an immune response. 
A)  mast cells release histamine in response to harmless substances. 
B)  too much complement is released into the blood. 
C)  antibodies malfunction and attack ʺselfʺ cells. 
D)  foreign MHC proteins trigger an immune response.

Question 7

How does the extra mucus in a runny nose protect against microbial infection?

Accepted Answer

Airborne microbes are trapped

Question 8

Cancer cells form in our bodies every day. How does the immune system destroy them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural killer and cytotoxic T cells recognize the cancer cells as foreign and attack them. 
B)  Fevers slow the replication of cancerous cells. 
C)  Immune secretions, such as interferon, disrupt the DNA of the cancer cells. 
D)  Antibodies attach to the cancer cells and then macrophages engulf them. 
E)  The immune system cannot destroy cancer cells. 
A)  Natural killer and cytotoxic T cells recognize the cancer cells as foreign and attack them. 
B)  Fevers slow the replication of cancerous cells. 
C)  Immune secretions, such as interferon, disrupt the DNA of the cancer cells. 
D)  Antibodies attach to the cancer cells and then macrophages engulf them. 
E)  The immune system cannot destroy cancer cells.

Question 9

Some of the daughter cells resulting from clonal selection of a B cell differentiate into plasma cells. Which of these is a function of plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They act as natural killer cells and destroy cancer cells. 
B)  They are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. 
C)  They produce specific antibodies and release them into the blood. 
D)  They transform into helper T cells and bind to antigens displayed by a dendritic cell. 
A)  They act as natural killer cells and destroy cancer cells. 
B)  They are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. 
C)  They produce specific antibodies and release them into the blood. 
D)  They transform into helper T cells and bind to antigens displayed by a dendritic cell.

Question 10

Which of the following immune system cells produce histamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  Neutrophils 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Mast cells 
E)  B cells 
A)  T cells 
B)  Neutrophils 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Mast cells 
E)  B cells

Question 11

How does a cell ʺinformʺ the immune system that it is infected with a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It displays viral proteins on its membrane. 
B)  It synthesizes enzymes that activate helper T cells. 
C)  It secretes steroid hormones. 
D)  It produces interferon. 
E)  It releases histamine into the bloodstream. 
A)  It displays viral proteins on its membrane. 
B)  It synthesizes enzymes that activate helper T cells. 
C)  It secretes steroid hormones. 
D)  It produces interferon. 
E)  It releases histamine into the bloodstream.

Question 12

HIV selectively destroys

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells. 
B)  all B and T cells. 
C)  plasma cells. 
D)  memory B cells. 
E)  cytotoxic T cells. 
A)  helper T cells. 
B)  all B and T cells. 
C)  plasma cells. 
D)  memory B cells. 
E)  cytotoxic T cells.

Question 13

Antibodies are attached to the surface of a B cell by

Accepted Answer

A)  the heavy chain of the arm of the antibody. 
B)  the light chain of the arm of the antibody. 
C)  the stem of the antibody. 
D)  sticky proteins produced by T cells. 
E)  mucus. 
A)  the heavy chain of the arm of the antibody. 
B)  the light chain of the arm of the antibody. 
C)  the stem of the antibody. 
D)  sticky proteins produced by T cells. 
E)  mucus.

Question 14

Who first performed vaccinations by inoculating children with cowpox virus to provide immunity against smallpox?

Accepted Answer

A)  Milkmaids 
B)  Louis Pasteur 
C)  Edward Jenner 
D)  Lady Montague 
A)  Milkmaids 
B)  Louis Pasteur 
C)  Edward Jenner 
D)  Lady Montague

Question 15

Which of the following is a harmless bacterium, in which mutated strains may cause toxic shock syndrome, inhabits your skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Clostridium tetani 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Aeromonas hydrophila 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Clostridium tetani 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  Aeromonas hydrophila

Question 16

Vaccinations protect against future exposure to disease organisms by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the number of red blood cells. 
B)  forming memory cells. 
C)  stimulating suppressor T cells. 
D)  increasing complement proteins. 
A)  increasing the number of red blood cells. 
B)  forming memory cells. 
C)  stimulating suppressor T cells. 
D)  increasing complement proteins.

Question 17

This figure illustrates the structure of an antibody. Which part of the antibody binds to the antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Region A 
B)  Region B 
C)  Both regions A and B can bind to the antigen. 
A)  Region A 
B)  Region B 
C)  Both regions A and B can bind to the antigen.

Question 18

HIV may be transmitted from one individual to another by holding hands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The primary function of cell-mediated immunity is to

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the amount of complement. 
B)  destroy cancerous or virus-infected host cells. 
C)  protect the body against extracellular parasites. 
D)  promote the production of antibodies. 
E)  increase the number of macrophages. 
A)  decrease the amount of complement. 
B)  destroy cancerous or virus-infected host cells. 
C)  protect the body against extracellular parasites. 
D)  promote the production of antibodies. 
E)  increase the number of macrophages.

Question 20

The rejection of a transplanted kidney is due to a humoral immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 37: Defenses Against Disease

Nonspecific internal defenses include

Plasma cells are derived from

Natural killer cells

Vaccinations are effective because they stimulate the production of __________cells.

MHC proteins

Allergies occur when

How does the extra mucus in a runny nose protect against microbial infection?

Cancer cells form in our bodies every day. How does the immune system destroy them?

Some of the daughter cells resulting from clonal selection of a B cell differentiate into plasma cells. Which of these is a function of plasma cells?

Which of the following immune system cells produce histamine?

How does a cell ʺinformʺ the immune system that it is infected with a virus?

HIV selectively destroys

Antibodies are attached to the surface of a B cell by

Who first performed vaccinations by inoculating children with cowpox virus to provide immunity against smallpox?

Which of the following is a harmless bacterium, in which mutated strains may cause toxic shock syndrome, inhabits your skin?

Vaccinations protect against future exposure to disease organisms by

This figure illustrates the structure of an antibody. Which part of the antibody binds to the antigen?

HIV may be transmitted from one individual to another by holding hands.

The primary function of cell-mediated immunity is to

The rejection of a transplanted kidney is due to a humoral immune response.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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