Question 1

Compare endergonic and exergonic chemical reactions using an analogy from everyday life.

Accepted Answer

There are many possible examples: Rollin

Question 2

Place these steps of enzyme catalysis in the correct order: 1. The substrate and enzyme change shape.
2) The substrate enters the active site.
3) The enzyme reverts to its original configuration.
4) The product is expelled.

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 3, 1, 4 
B)  2, 1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 1, 4, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  2, 3, 1, 4 
B)  2, 1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 1, 4, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 3

Which of the following will bind to the active site of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competitive inhibitor only 
B)  Substrate only 
C)  Both substrate and competitive inhibitor 
D)  Allosteric inhibitor only 
E)  Noncompetitive inhibitor only 
A)  Competitive inhibitor only 
B)  Substrate only 
C)  Both substrate and competitive inhibitor 
D)  Allosteric inhibitor only 
E)  Noncompetitive inhibitor only

Question 4

Most reactions in the body occur too slowly to sustain life. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  many reactions require large inputs of activation energy. 
B)  all reactions in the body are endergonic. 
C)  there is not enough ATP in body cells. 
D)  most biological catalysts are not active at body temperature (37°
C) . 
E)  no catalysts are present in body cells. 
A)  many reactions require large inputs of activation energy. 
B)  all reactions in the body are endergonic. 
C)  there is not enough ATP in body cells. 
D)  most biological catalysts are not active at body temperature (37°
C) . 
E)  no catalysts are present in body cells.

Question 5

Which of the following is the best description of a coupled reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two reactions, where the product of the first reaction is the reactant of the second reaction 
B)  Two reactions that occur simultaneously 
C)  A reaction that occurs right after another reaction 
D)  Reactions that occur during sexual reproduction 
E)  Two reactions that occur in the same organelle 
A)  Two reactions, where the product of the first reaction is the reactant of the second reaction 
B)  Two reactions that occur simultaneously 
C)  A reaction that occurs right after another reaction 
D)  Reactions that occur during sexual reproduction 
E)  Two reactions that occur in the same organelle

Question 6

Animals have enzymes that break apart starch molecules but not cellulose, despite the fact that both are made up of glucose subunits. Which enzyme characteristic best explains this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzyme activity is regulated. 
B)  Enzymes are highly specific. 
C)  All enzymes are proteins. 
D)  Enzymes usually speed up chemical reactions. 
E)  Enzymes are not permanently changed by the reactions they promote. 
A)  Enzyme activity is regulated. 
B)  Enzymes are highly specific. 
C)  All enzymes are proteins. 
D)  Enzymes usually speed up chemical reactions. 
E)  Enzymes are not permanently changed by the reactions they promote.

Question 7

In the liver, the polysaccharide glycogen is broken down into glucose monomers. The glucose molecules are then released into the blood when blood sugar levels need to be raised. This process is an example of a(n)________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  potential 
D)  kinetic 
A)  endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  potential 
D)  kinetic

Question 8

Sulfa antibiotics damage bacteria by affecting a certain bacterial enzyme. The sulfa antibiotic looks similar to a substrate normally required by the bacterial cells to live. The sulfa antibiotic occupies the active site of the required enzyme and blocks entry of its normal substrate. This prevents the bacteria from making nucleotides that are required for their reproduction and survival. Based on this information, the action of sulfa antibiotics is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  activation energy. 
B)  competitive inhibition. 
C)  denaturing of proteins. 
D)  electron carriers. 
A)  activation energy. 
B)  competitive inhibition. 
C)  denaturing of proteins. 
D)  electron carriers.

Question 9

The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is a spontaneous reaction inside our bodies. However, if you dissolve sucrose in water and keep the solution overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. Why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction is endergonic. 
B)  The reaction requires a catalyst. 
C)  The energy of the products is higher than that of the energy of the reactants. 
D)  The activation energy of the reaction decreases. 
E)  The reaction is at equilibrium. 
A)  The reaction is endergonic. 
B)  The reaction requires a catalyst. 
C)  The energy of the products is higher than that of the energy of the reactants. 
D)  The activation energy of the reaction decreases. 
E)  The reaction is at equilibrium.

Question 10

All of the following are ways in which enzymes are regulated by the cell EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  by feedback inhibition. 
B)  a gene coding for the enzyme may be turned off. 
C)  a heavy metal (such as lead) may block the enzymes non -active site. 
D)  by first synthesizing the enzyme in an inactive form. 
A)  by feedback inhibition. 
B)  a gene coding for the enzyme may be turned off. 
C)  a heavy metal (such as lead) may block the enzymes non -active site. 
D)  by first synthesizing the enzyme in an inactive form.

Question 11

Describe the biochemical properties of a biological catalyst.

Accepted Answer

Catalysts (enzymes) speed up o

Question 12

In chemical reactions, the________ are converted into products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In chemical reactions, the________ are converted into...

Question 13

_____-are biological catalysts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____-are biological catalysts....

Question 14

Special molecules such as NADH and FADH 2 transport ________in cells, which can then be used as energy in the cell.

Accepted Answer

Question 15

In an isolated system, all of the following are true of the second law of thermodynamics EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a natural tendency toward greater disorder in the organization of matter (increase in entropy). 
B)  the amount of useful energy decreases. 
C)  reactions cause energy to be converted from more useful to less useful forms. 
D)  all chemical reactions release more energy than they consume. 
A)  there is a natural tendency toward greater disorder in the organization of matter (increase in entropy). 
B)  the amount of useful energy decreases. 
C)  reactions cause energy to be converted from more useful to less useful forms. 
D)  all chemical reactions release more energy than they consume.

Question 16

A(n)________ chemical reaction releases energy, whereas a(n)________ reaction requires an input of energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  exergonic; endergonic 
B)  equilibrium; exergonic 
C)  enzymatic; endergonic 
D)  endergonic; enzymatic 
E)  endergonic; exergonic 
A)  exergonic; endergonic 
B)  equilibrium; exergonic 
C)  enzymatic; endergonic 
D)  endergonic; enzymatic 
E)  endergonic; exergonic

Question 17

Enzymes are important because they

Accepted Answer

A)  bind irreversibly to substrates. 
B)  are structural proteins that make up bodily tissues. 
C)  increase the body temperature of organisms. 
D)  allow reactions to occur at body temperature. 
E)  can enable organisms to evade the laws of thermodynamics. 
A)  bind irreversibly to substrates. 
B)  are structural proteins that make up bodily tissues. 
C)  increase the body temperature of organisms. 
D)  allow reactions to occur at body temperature. 
E)  can enable organisms to evade the laws of thermodynamics.

Question 18

Briefly describe the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy, and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion (

Question 19

Preservatives such as citric acid are added to foods to interfere with bacterial growth. This creates an acidic pH in the food. Why does this affect the bacteria that are present?

Accepted Answer

A)  An acidic environment increases the activation energy more quickly in bacteria. 
B)  An acidic environment causes bacterial enzymes to fail or work less efficiently. 
C)  An acidic environment causes the bacteria to grow more rapidly. 
D)  An acidic environment encourages endergonic reactions in the bacterial cells. 
A)  An acidic environment increases the activation energy more quickly in bacteria. 
B)  An acidic environment causes bacterial enzymes to fail or work less efficiently. 
C)  An acidic environment causes the bacteria to grow more rapidly. 
D)  An acidic environment encourages endergonic reactions in the bacterial cells.

Question 20

The burning of sugars as fuels for runners is an example of a(n) ________chemical reaction, whereas the production of sugars during photosynthesis is an example of a(n)________chemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

exergonic;

Exam 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Compare endergonic and exergonic chemical reactions using an analogy from everyday life.

Place these steps of enzyme catalysis in the correct order: 1. The substrate and enzyme change shape. 2) The substrate enters the active site. 3) The enzyme reverts to its original configuration. 4) The product is expelled.

Which of the following will bind to the active site of an enzyme?

Most reactions in the body occur too slowly to sustain life. This is because

Which of the following is the best description of a coupled reaction?

Animals have enzymes that break apart starch molecules but not cellulose, despite the fact that both are made up of glucose subunits. Which enzyme characteristic best explains this?

In the liver, the polysaccharide glycogen is broken down into glucose monomers. The glucose molecules are then released into the blood when blood sugar levels need to be raised. This process is an example of a(n)________ reaction.

The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is a spontaneous reaction inside our bodies. However, if you dissolve sucrose in water and keep the solution overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. Why not?

All of the following are ways in which enzymes are regulated by the cell EXCEPT

Describe the biochemical properties of a biological catalyst.

In chemical reactions, the________ are converted into products.

_____-are biological catalysts.

Special molecules such as NADH and FADH 2 transport ________in cells, which can then be used as energy in the cell.

In an isolated system, all of the following are true of the second law of thermodynamics EXCEPT

A(n)________ chemical reaction releases energy, whereas a(n)________ reaction requires an input of energy.

Enzymes are important because they

Briefly describe the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy, and give an example of each.

Preservatives such as citric acid are added to foods to interfere with bacterial growth. This creates an acidic pH in the food. Why does this affect the bacteria that are present?

The burning of sugars as fuels for runners is an example of a(n) ________chemical reaction, whereas the production of sugars during photosynthesis is an example of a(n)________chemical reaction.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

Special molecules such as NADH and FADH ₂ transport ________in cells, which can then be used as energy in the cell.

A(n) chemical reaction releases energy, whereas a(n) reaction requires an input of energy.

The burning of sugars as fuels for runners is an example of a(n) chemical reaction, whereas the production of sugars during photosynthesis is an example of a(n)chemical reaction.