Question 1

The organelles responsible for the bulk of ATP production via cellular respiration are the
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organelles responsible for the bulk of...

Question 2

Some people trying to lose weight have gone on the Atkins diet, in which they eat mostly high-protein, low-carbohydrate foods such as meat, cheese, and eggs. The amino acids in these protein-rich diets, such as alanine, glycine, and serine, can be converted to pyruvate by deamination (removal of the amino group).
Based on this scenario as well as your knowledge of cellular respiration, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecules will be generated from one molecule of alanine during the mitochondrial matrix reactions? Hint: Only consider the reactions from the point at which the alanine carbons enter cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP 
B)  0 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 2 ATP 
C)  2 FADH2, 3 NADH, and 2 ATP 
D)  1 FADH2, 4 NADH, and 1 ATP 
E)  1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 1 ATP 
A)  2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP 
B)  0 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 2 ATP 
C)  2 FADH2, 3 NADH, and 2 ATP 
D)  1 FADH2, 4 NADH, and 1 ATP 
E)  1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 1 ATP

Question 3

In the Krebs cycle, electron-carrier molecules are produced as a result of individual reactions. NAD+ is reduced as one chemical compound is converted to another EXCEPT during the conversion of

Accepted Answer

A)  isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. 
B)  α-ketoglutarate to succinate. 
C)  succinate to fumarate. 
D)  malate to oxaloacetate. 
A)  isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. 
B)  α-ketoglutarate to succinate. 
C)  succinate to fumarate. 
D)  malate to oxaloacetate.

Question 4

Some plans for weight loss include eating a low-carbohydrate diet. In the absence of a lot of glucose in the diet, what other food molecules can be used to extract energy for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein and fats 
B)  Fats only 
C)  Protein only 
A)  Protein and fats 
B)  Fats only 
C)  Protein only

Question 5

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  36 
C)  34 
D)  2 
E)  No ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis. 
A)  4 
B)  36 
C)  34 
D)  2 
E)  No ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis.

Question 6

All of the following are true statements about ATP EXCEPT that it is

Accepted Answer

A)  a short-term energy-storage compound. 
B)  the cellʹs principal compound for energy transfers. 
C)  the molecule that all living cells rely on to do work. 
D)  synthesized only within mitochondria. 
A)  a short-term energy-storage compound. 
B)  the cellʹs principal compound for energy transfers. 
C)  the molecule that all living cells rely on to do work. 
D)  synthesized only within mitochondria.

Question 7

The metabolic breakdown of one molecule of glucose generates the greatest amount of ATP energy during

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix reactions. 
D)  the Krebs cycle. 
E)  ETC. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix reactions. 
D)  the Krebs cycle. 
E)  ETC.

Question 8

is the first stage in glucose metabolism and does not require oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the first stage in glucose metabolism...

Question 9

What is the significance of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxidation of pyruvate becomes possible. 
B)  The citric acid cycle is initiated. 
C)  ATP is produced at a higher rate. 
D)  NAD+ is regenerated for use in glycolysis. 
E)  Pyruvate becomes available to enter mitochondrial matrix reactions. 
A)  The oxidation of pyruvate becomes possible. 
B)  The citric acid cycle is initiated. 
C)  ATP is produced at a higher rate. 
D)  NAD+ is regenerated for use in glycolysis. 
E)  Pyruvate becomes available to enter mitochondrial matrix reactions.

Question 10

During which of the following processes is ATP NOT produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular respiration by itself 
B)  Glycolysis by itself 
C)  Fermentation by itself 
A)  Cellular respiration by itself 
B)  Glycolysis by itself 
C)  Fermentation by itself

Question 11

Which of the following parts of the mitochondria is (are) directly involved in the synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inner membrane only 
B)  Matrix only 
C)  Matrix and inner membrane 
D)  Outer membrane only 
E)  Inner and outer membranes 
A)  Inner membrane only 
B)  Matrix only 
C)  Matrix and inner membrane 
D)  Outer membrane only 
E)  Inner and outer membranes

Question 12

Within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose, fermentation occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid portion of the cytoplasm. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. 
E)  stroma of the chloroplast. 
A)  fluid portion of the cytoplasm. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. 
E)  stroma of the chloroplast.

Question 13

If ATP is made in the mitochondria, how does it provide energy for reactions in the cytoplasm of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP diffuses into the cytoplasm through large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria out. 
B)  ATP is used to make glucose, which is transported to the cytoplasm. 
C)  ATP is pumped out from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. 
D)  The energy in ATP is converted to NADH, which travels to the cytoplasm. 
E)  ATP is converted to ADP, which is transported to the cytoplasm and converted back to ATP. 
A)  ATP diffuses into the cytoplasm through large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria out. 
B)  ATP is used to make glucose, which is transported to the cytoplasm. 
C)  ATP is pumped out from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. 
D)  The energy in ATP is converted to NADH, which travels to the cytoplasm. 
E)  ATP is converted to ADP, which is transported to the cytoplasm and converted back to ATP.

Question 14

is a series of reactions, occurring under aerobic conditions, in which large amounts of ATP are produced from the breakdown of glucose.

Accepted Answer

Cellular r

Question 15

The conversion of glucose to lactate is a form of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conversion of glucose to lactate is...

Question 16

During the final events of cellular respiration, oxygen combines with to form .

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-depleted electrons and carbon; CO2 
B)  carbon only; CO2 
C)  energy-depleted electrons only; water 
D)  hydrogen ions only; water 
E)  energy-depleted electrons and hydrogen ions; water 
A)  energy-depleted electrons and carbon; CO2 
B)  carbon only; CO2 
C)  energy-depleted electrons only; water 
D)  hydrogen ions only; water 
E)  energy-depleted electrons and hydrogen ions; water

Question 17

After fermentation in human cells, lactate is converted to pyruvate in the

Accepted Answer

A)  heart. 
B)  bone marrow. 
C)  muscles. 
D)  bloodstream. 
E)  lungs. 
A)  heart. 
B)  bone marrow. 
C)  muscles. 
D)  bloodstream. 
E)  lungs.

Question 18

Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The ETC 
C)  The Krebs cycle 
D)  Fermentation 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The ETC 
C)  The Krebs cycle 
D)  Fermentation

Question 19

During chemiosmosis, a hydrogen ion gradient is linked to the production of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

During the glucose activation stage of glycolysis

Accepted Answer

A)  two ATP molecules are used to make one fructose bisphosphate molecule. 
B)  there is a net gain of two ATP molecules. 
C)  there is a conversion of two G3P molecules to two pyruvate molecules. 
D)  fructose bisphosphate is split into two G3P molecules. 
E)  there is a net gain of four ATP molecules. 
A)  two ATP molecules are used to make one fructose bisphosphate molecule. 
B)  there is a net gain of two ATP molecules. 
C)  there is a conversion of two G3P molecules to two pyruvate molecules. 
D)  fructose bisphosphate is split into two G3P molecules. 
E)  there is a net gain of four ATP molecules.

Exam 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The organelles responsible for the bulk of ATP production via cellular respiration are the .

In the Krebs cycle, electron-carrier molecules are produced as a result of individual reactions. NAD+ is reduced as one chemical compound is converted to another EXCEPT during the conversion of

Some plans for weight loss include eating a low-carbohydrate diet. In the absence of a lot of glucose in the diet, what other food molecules can be used to extract energy for cellular respiration?

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

All of the following are true statements about ATP EXCEPT that it is

The metabolic breakdown of one molecule of glucose generates the greatest amount of ATP energy during

is the first stage in glucose metabolism and does not require oxygen.

What is the significance of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation?

During which of the following processes is ATP NOT produced?

Which of the following parts of the mitochondria is (are) directly involved in the synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis?

Within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose, fermentation occurs in the

If ATP is made in the mitochondria, how does it provide energy for reactions in the cytoplasm of the cell?

is a series of reactions, occurring under aerobic conditions, in which large amounts of ATP are produced from the breakdown of glucose.

The conversion of glucose to lactate is a form of .

During the final events of cellular respiration, oxygen combines with to form .

After fermentation in human cells, lactate is converted to pyruvate in the

Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

During chemiosmosis, a hydrogen ion gradient is linked to the production of ATP.

During the glucose activation stage of glycolysis

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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