Question 1

We breathe more heavily during exercise because our cells

Accepted Answer

A)  need more ADP to be converted to ATP. 
B)  need more glucose to be broken down. 
C)  are producing more CO2 and need to get rid of it. 
A)  need more ADP to be converted to ATP. 
B)  need more glucose to be broken down. 
C)  are producing more CO2 and need to get rid of it.

Question 2

How do fatigued human muscle cells repay an ʺoxygen debtʺ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells convert lactate back to pyruvate. 
B)  The cells convert glucose to pyruvate. 
C)  The cells produce more oxygen. 
D)  The cells decrease CO2 production. 
E)  The cells increase production of ATP. 
A)  The cells convert lactate back to pyruvate. 
B)  The cells convert glucose to pyruvate. 
C)  The cells produce more oxygen. 
D)  The cells decrease CO2 production. 
E)  The cells increase production of ATP.

Question 3

Carbon dioxide is considered a waste product of cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In the glucose activation stage of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  exergonic. 
B)  endergonic. 
C)  fermentation. 
D)  respiration. 
A)  exergonic. 
B)  endergonic. 
C)  fermentation. 
D)  respiration.

Question 5

In the absence of oxygen, suppose a single yeast cell undergoes fermentation and uses 100 molecules of glucose. How many molecules of ATP will be generated?

Accepted Answer

A)  400 
B)  300 
C)  100 
D)  200 
E)  36 
A)  400 
B)  300 
C)  100 
D)  200 
E)  36

Question 6

The French biochemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur investigated the metabolism of yeast, which can survive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. He observed that the yeast consumed sugar at a much faster rate under anaerobic conditions than they did under aerobic conditions. Explain this ʺPasteur effect.ʺ

Accepted Answer

Under anaerobic conditions, fermentation

Question 7

During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is

Accepted Answer

A)  eight molecules. 
B)  one molecule. 
C)  two molecules. 
D)  three molecules. 
E)  six molecules. 
A)  eight molecules. 
B)  one molecule. 
C)  two molecules. 
D)  three molecules. 
E)  six molecules.

Question 8

Why is it important that NAD+ molecules are regenerated during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis would stop when all

Question 9

In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a drug called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe drug was quickly abandoned after a few patients died. DNP affects cells by uncoupling the chemiosmotic machinery and making the inner mitochondrial membrane ʺleakyʺ to hydrogen ions.
Explain how DNP caused weight loss and, ultimately, death in these dieters.

Accepted Answer

No hydrogen ion gradient could be establ

Question 10

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle reactions both occur in the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an electron-carrier molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH 
B)  Acetyl CoA 
C)  Citric acid 
D)  CO2 
E)  ATP 
A)  NADH 
B)  Acetyl CoA 
C)  Citric acid 
D)  CO2 
E)  ATP

Question 12

Imagine that you are running a marathon, and at the end of the race, you sprint to the finish line. Describe how your muscle cells are getting energy. Discuss the processes involved and detail the differences that occur at the start of your run and toward the end of your run.

Accepted Answer

Students should address the sh

Question 13

From the beginning of glycolysis to the end of the Krebs cycle (excluding the ETC), what has the cell gained from the breakdown of each molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 molecules of ATP, 4 of NADH, and 2 of FADH 2 
B)  2 molecules of ATP and 6 of NADH 
C)  4 molecules of ATP, 10 of NADH, and 2 of FADH2 
D)  2 molecules of pyruvate 
E)  2 molecules of ATP, lactate, and NAD+ 
A)  2 molecules of ATP, 4 of NADH, and 2 of FADH 2 
B)  2 molecules of ATP and 6 of NADH 
C)  4 molecules of ATP, 10 of NADH, and 2 of FADH2 
D)  2 molecules of pyruvate 
E)  2 molecules of ATP, lactate, and NAD+

Question 14

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they shift from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the rate of glucose production. 
B)  increase the rate of glycolysis. 
C)  produce ATP using NADH. 
D)  increase the rate of the Krebs cycle. 
E)  produce more ATP per molecule of glucose during glycolysis. 
A)  increase the rate of glucose production. 
B)  increase the rate of glycolysis. 
C)  produce ATP using NADH. 
D)  increase the rate of the Krebs cycle. 
E)  produce more ATP per molecule of glucose during glycolysis.

Question 15

As a bicyclist pedals up a hill to the finish line of a race and ʺfeels the burnʺ in his leg muscles, those muscle cells are most likely utilizing

Accepted Answer

A)  only cellular respiration for maximum ATP production. 
B)  only oxygen for maximum ATP production. 
C)  both cellular respiration and oxygen for maximum ATP production. 
D)  some lactate fermentation and lactic starting to build up in his muscle tissue causing a cramp. 
A)  only cellular respiration for maximum ATP production. 
B)  only oxygen for maximum ATP production. 
C)  both cellular respiration and oxygen for maximum ATP production. 
D)  some lactate fermentation and lactic starting to build up in his muscle tissue causing a cramp.

Question 16

The inner membrane of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast because both contain a system for

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme synthesis. 
B)  anaerobic respiration. 
C)  electron transport. 
D)  glucose synthesis. 
E)  pyruvate production. 
A)  enzyme synthesis. 
B)  anaerobic respiration. 
C)  electron transport. 
D)  glucose synthesis. 
E)  pyruvate production.

Question 17

At the end of aerobic cellular respiration, how many total carbon dioxide molecules are produced for each glucose metabolized?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  32 
C)  2 
D)  4 
E)  36 
A)  6 
B)  32 
C)  2 
D)  4 
E)  36

Question 18

In aerobic cellular respiration, the ETC receives electrons directly from

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH only. 
B)  FADH2 only. 
C)  NADH and ATP. 
D)  NADH and FADH2. 
E)  ATP only. 
A)  NADH only. 
B)  FADH2 only. 
C)  NADH and ATP. 
D)  NADH and FADH2. 
E)  ATP only.

Question 19

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular respiration. 
B)  the Krebs cycle. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  phosphorylation. 
E)  fermentation. 
A)  cellular respiration. 
B)  the Krebs cycle. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  phosphorylation. 
E)  fermentation.

Question 20

At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule form

Accepted Answer

A)  six molecules of carbon dioxide. 
B)  two molecules of pyruvate. 
C)  two molecules of NADH. 
D)  two molecules of fructose. 
E)  two molecules of citric acid. 
A)  six molecules of carbon dioxide. 
B)  two molecules of pyruvate. 
C)  two molecules of NADH. 
D)  two molecules of fructose. 
E)  two molecules of citric acid.

Exam 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

We breathe more heavily during exercise because our cells

How do fatigued human muscle cells repay an ʺoxygen debtʺ?

Carbon dioxide is considered a waste product of cellular respiration.

In the glucose activation stage of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is

In the absence of oxygen, suppose a single yeast cell undergoes fermentation and uses 100 molecules of glucose. How many molecules of ATP will be generated?

During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is

Why is it important that NAD+ molecules are regenerated during fermentation?

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle reactions both occur in the mitochondria.

Which of the following is an example of an electron-carrier molecule?

Imagine that you are running a marathon, and at the end of the race, you sprint to the finish line. Describe how your muscle cells are getting energy. Discuss the processes involved and detail the differences that occur at the start of your run and toward the end of your run.

From the beginning of glycolysis to the end of the Krebs cycle (excluding the ETC), what has the cell gained from the breakdown of each molecule of glucose?

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they shift from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must

As a bicyclist pedals up a hill to the finish line of a race and ʺfeels the burnʺ in his leg muscles, those muscle cells are most likely utilizing

The inner membrane of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast because both contain a system for

At the end of aerobic cellular respiration, how many total carbon dioxide molecules are produced for each glucose metabolized?

In aerobic cellular respiration, the ETC receives electrons directly from

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called

At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule form

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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