Question 1

Which of the following is not a clinical application for a direct antiglobulin test?

Accepted Answer

A)  HDN 
B)  HTR 
C)  AIHA 
D)  Heterophile detection 
A)  HDN 
B)  HTR 
C)  AIHA 
D)  Heterophile detection

Question 2

Anti-IgG is specific for what part of the IgG molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  FC fragment 
B)  Constant region of Fab fragment 
C)  Hypervariable region of Fab fragment 
D)  Kappa light chain 
A)  FC fragment 
B)  Constant region of Fab fragment 
C)  Hypervariable region of Fab fragment 
D)  Kappa light chain

Question 3

In the production of polyspecific AHG, why are IgG and complement antibodies absorbed with A1, B, and O cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  To eliminate the possibility of prozone 
B)  To remove heterospecific antibody 
C)  To eliminate false-negative results 
D)  To standardize dilutions of antibody 
A)  To eliminate the possibility of prozone 
B)  To remove heterospecific antibody 
C)  To eliminate false-negative results 
D)  To standardize dilutions of antibody

Question 4

At what temperature is the incubation phase of the AHG test?

Accepted Answer

A)  22°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  56°C 
A)  22°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  56°C

Question 5

Why is incubation omitted in the direct AHG test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyspecific AHG contains a higher dose of anti-IgG. 
B)  Incubation will cause lysis of red blood cells. 
C)  Incubation elutes complement components from red blood cells. 
D)  In vivo antigen antibody complex is already formed. 
A)  Polyspecific AHG contains a higher dose of anti-IgG. 
B)  Incubation will cause lysis of red blood cells. 
C)  Incubation elutes complement components from red blood cells. 
D)  In vivo antigen antibody complex is already formed.

Question 6

"Complete" agglutinins that agglutinate red blood cells in saline are of which immunoglobulin class?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgE

Question 7

An antibody screen is performed, and all three tubes are negative after adding AHG. Check cells are added, and the tubes are centrifuged. No agglutination occurs after the addition of check cells. What is the next course of action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recentrifuging the tubes 
B)  Adding one drop of control cells 
C)  Repeating the antibody screen 
D)  Adding one drop of AHG 
A)  Recentrifuging the tubes 
B)  Adding one drop of control cells 
C)  Repeating the antibody screen 
D)  Adding one drop of AHG

Question 8

What is the action of PEG?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduces ionic strength to allow for faster antibody uptake 
B)  Its macromolecules allow for closer contact of antibody-coated RBCs 
C)  Increases the serum-to-cell ratio 
D)  Removes water molecules, thereby concentrating antibody 
A)  Reduces ionic strength to allow for faster antibody uptake 
B)  Its macromolecules allow for closer contact of antibody-coated RBCs 
C)  Increases the serum-to-cell ratio 
D)  Removes water molecules, thereby concentrating antibody

Question 9

The indirect antiglobulin test detects which antigen-antibody reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  In vivo 
B)  In vitro 
C)  Both in vivo and in vitro 
D)  None of the above 
A)  In vivo 
B)  In vitro 
C)  Both in vivo and in vitro 
D)  None of the above

Question 10

Polyspecific AHG contains:

Accepted Answer

A)  anti-IgG. 
B)  anti-C3b-C3d. 
C)  anti-IgG and anti- C3d. 
D)  anti-IgG and anti-IgM. 
A)  anti-IgG. 
B)  anti-C3b-C3d. 
C)  anti-IgG and anti- C3d. 
D)  anti-IgG and anti-IgM.

Question 11

Why is it important to use polyspecific AHG rather than monospecific?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyspecific AHG costs less than monospecific AHG. 
B)  Polyspecific AHG is easier to use than monospecific AHG. 
C)  Polyspecific AHG is better at detecting IgG antibodies. 
D)  Polyspecific AHG is less sensitive to IgG antibodies. 
A)  Polyspecific AHG costs less than monospecific AHG. 
B)  Polyspecific AHG is easier to use than monospecific AHG. 
C)  Polyspecific AHG is better at detecting IgG antibodies. 
D)  Polyspecific AHG is less sensitive to IgG antibodies.

Question 12

Conventional tube testing in AHG testing has one distinct advantage over gel testing. Identify the advantage.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensitivity 
B)  Cost 
C)  Time savings 
D)  Automation 
A)  Sensitivity 
B)  Cost 
C)  Time savings 
D)  Automation

Question 13

An advantage of monoclonal anti-C3 over polyclonal anti-C3 is:

Accepted Answer

A)  with monoclonal anti-C3, the antibody potency can be controlled. 
B)  contamination with anti-IgG is avoided with anti-C3. 
C)  with monoclonal anti-C3, antibody to immunoglobulin light chains are eliminated. 
D)  false-positives caused by cold agglutinins are avoided with anti-C3. 
A)  with monoclonal anti-C3, the antibody potency can be controlled. 
B)  contamination with anti-IgG is avoided with anti-C3. 
C)  with monoclonal anti-C3, antibody to immunoglobulin light chains are eliminated. 
D)  false-positives caused by cold agglutinins are avoided with anti-C3.

Question 14

An advantage of polyclonal anti-IgG over monoclonal anti-IgG is:

Accepted Answer

A)  AHG produced in rabbits is more specific than AHG produced in mice. 
B)  polyclonal anti-IgG will recognize IgG variants. 
C)  polyclonal anti-IgG also has anticomplement activity. 
D)  polyclonal anti-IgG recognizes only one IgG epitope. 
A)  AHG produced in rabbits is more specific than AHG produced in mice. 
B)  polyclonal anti-IgG will recognize IgG variants. 
C)  polyclonal anti-IgG also has anticomplement activity. 
D)  polyclonal anti-IgG recognizes only one IgG epitope.

Question 15

Which IgG antibodies are contained in polyspecific AHG?

Accepted Answer

A)  High titer, high avidity 
B)  High titer, low avidity 
C)  Chemically modified 
D)  Those that are pentameric in structure 
A)  High titer, high avidity 
B)  High titer, low avidity 
C)  Chemically modified 
D)  Those that are pentameric in structure

Question 16

In preparing anti-IgG, how is excess antibody removed for titer adjustment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elution 
B)  Adsorption 
C)  Block titration 
D)  Dilution 
A)  Elution 
B)  Adsorption 
C)  Block titration 
D)  Dilution

Question 17

What effect does a low pH have on a saline AHG test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhances antibody elution 
B)  Enhances the antigen-antibody complex 
C)  Increases hydrogen bonding 
D)  Increases bacterial contamination 
A)  Enhances antibody elution 
B)  Enhances the antigen-antibody complex 
C)  Increases hydrogen bonding 
D)  Increases bacterial contamination

Question 18

What type of globulin does the antiglobulin test detect?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG alloantibodies 
B)  IgG autoantibodies 
C)  C3b complement components 
D)  All of the above 
A)  IgG alloantibodies 
B)  IgG autoantibodies 
C)  C3b complement components 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

What is the optimal temperature for complement activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  58°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  22°C 
A)  58°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  22°C

Question 20

Which of the following is consistent with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recipient antibody coating donor red blood cells 
B)  Maternal antibody coating fetal red blood cells 
C)  Fetal antibody coating maternal red blood cells 
D)  Autoantibody coating individual's own red blood cells 
A)  Recipient antibody coating donor red blood cells 
B)  Maternal antibody coating fetal red blood cells 
C)  Fetal antibody coating maternal red blood cells 
D)  Autoantibody coating individual's own red blood cells

Exam 5: The Antiglobulin Test

Which of the following is not a clinical application for a direct antiglobulin test?

Anti-IgG is specific for what part of the IgG molecule?

In the production of polyspecific AHG, why are IgG and complement antibodies absorbed with A1, B, and O cells?

At what temperature is the incubation phase of the AHG test?

Why is incubation omitted in the direct AHG test?

"Complete" agglutinins that agglutinate red blood cells in saline are of which immunoglobulin class?

An antibody screen is performed, and all three tubes are negative after adding AHG. Check cells are added, and the tubes are centrifuged. No agglutination occurs after the addition of check cells. What is the next course of action?

What is the action of PEG?

The indirect antiglobulin test detects which antigen-antibody reactions?

Polyspecific AHG contains:

Why is it important to use polyspecific AHG rather than monospecific?

Conventional tube testing in AHG testing has one distinct advantage over gel testing. Identify the advantage.

An advantage of monoclonal anti-C3 over polyclonal anti-C3 is:

An advantage of polyclonal anti-IgG over monoclonal anti-IgG is:

Which IgG antibodies are contained in polyspecific AHG?

In preparing anti-IgG, how is excess antibody removed for titer adjustment?

What effect does a low pH have on a saline AHG test?

What type of globulin does the antiglobulin test detect?

What is the optimal temperature for complement activation?

Which of the following is consistent with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

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Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

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Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

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Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

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Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

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In the production of polyspecific AHG, why are IgG and complement antibodies absorbed with A₁, B, and O cells?