Question 1

In HLA serologic testing, how are cytotoxic effects of antigen-antibody interactions detected?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is visible agglutination, or clumping. 
B)  The cells remain clear. 
C)  Trypan blue or eosin stains the cells because of loss of membrane integrity. 
D)  There is hemolysis. 
A)  There is visible agglutination, or clumping. 
B)  The cells remain clear. 
C)  Trypan blue or eosin stains the cells because of loss of membrane integrity. 
D)  There is hemolysis. C

Question 2

What is the basic unit of inheritance that determines the production or nonproduction of specific markers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen 
B)  Chromosome 
C)  Gene 
D)  Locus 
A)  Antigen 
B)  Chromosome 
C)  Gene 
D)  Locus C

Question 3

Which of the following factors are considered when selecting genetic systems to use for relationship testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The system should be monomorphic. 
B)  Genotypes should be readily deducible from the phenotype. 
C)  Mutation rates should be high. 
D)  Testing methodology should only be available at the State laboratory. 
A)  The system should be monomorphic. 
B)  Genotypes should be readily deducible from the phenotype. 
C)  Mutation rates should be high. 
D)  Testing methodology should only be available at the State laboratory. B

Question 4

Which of these is NOT one of the classic systems used for parentage testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Duffy 
B)  Kell 
C)  Kidd 
D)  Lewis 
A)  Duffy 
B)  Kell 
C)  Kidd 
D)  Lewis

Question 5

What is the statistical basis of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection of mates is dependent on blood types and therefore is random. 
B)  Selection of mates is dependent on blood types and therefore is biased. 
C)  Selection of mates is independent of blood types and therefore is random. 
D)  Selection of mates is independent of blood types and therefore is biased. 
A)  Selection of mates is dependent on blood types and therefore is random. 
B)  Selection of mates is dependent on blood types and therefore is biased. 
C)  Selection of mates is independent of blood types and therefore is random. 
D)  Selection of mates is independent of blood types and therefore is biased.

Question 6

Apparent opposite homozygosity is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct exclusion. 
B)  apparent exclusion. 
C)  indirect exclusion. 
D)  direct homozygous transition. 
A)  direct exclusion. 
B)  apparent exclusion. 
C)  indirect exclusion. 
D)  direct homozygous transition.

Question 7

The inclusionary calculations are deemed invalid if which of the following possible subjects is to be ruled out as the alleged father of the child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brother 
B)  Uncle 
C)  Father 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Brother 
B)  Uncle 
C)  Father 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

Which system has the highest probability of exclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  RFLP 
B)  SNP 
C)  STR 
D)  These systems have the same PE. 
A)  RFLP 
B)  SNP 
C)  STR 
D)  These systems have the same PE.

Question 9

What component of the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2) signifies heterozygotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  p2 
B)  2pq 
C)  q2 
D)  None of the above 
A)  p2 
B)  2pq 
C)  q2 
D)  None of the above

Question 10

What technology is used to demonstrate the presence of allelic variants of red blood cell enzymes and serum proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrophoresis 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Ion-exchange chromatography 
D)  Fluorescence polarization 
A)  Electrophoresis 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Ion-exchange chromatography 
D)  Fluorescence polarization

Question 11

How is HLA serologic testing performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  T lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
B)  B lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
C)  HLA antigens move through a limited pH gradient and are immobilized, complexed with antibody, and stained. 
D)  DNA is isolated from peripheral white blood cells, fragmented, and hybridized. 
A)  T lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
B)  B lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
C)  HLA antigens move through a limited pH gradient and are immobilized, complexed with antibody, and stained. 
D)  DNA is isolated from peripheral white blood cells, fragmented, and hybridized.

Question 12

Which offspring scenario could not be the result of the marriage shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Father: MM/Mother: NN-Child: MN 
B)  Father: MN/Mother: NN-Child: NN 
C)  Father: MN/Mother: MM-Child: NN 
D)  Father: NN/Mother: NN-Child: NN 
A)  Father: MM/Mother: NN-Child: MN 
B)  Father: MN/Mother: NN-Child: NN 
C)  Father: MN/Mother: MM-Child: NN 
D)  Father: NN/Mother: NN-Child: NN

Question 13

Which of these is not a type of DNA polymorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR 
B)  SNP 
C)  STR 
D)  VNTR 
A)  PCR 
B)  SNP 
C)  STR 
D)  VNTR

Question 14

Which statement defines the probability of exclusion (PE)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The probability of excluding one who is falsely accused of being related to someone in a given way. 
B)  The PE reflects the probability of including one who is alleged to be the parent. 
C)  The probability of exclusion requires knowledge of the alleged parent's phenotype. 
D)  The PE compares two mutually exclusive hypotheses that are expressed as a likelihood ratio. 
A)  The probability of excluding one who is falsely accused of being related to someone in a given way. 
B)  The PE reflects the probability of including one who is alleged to be the parent. 
C)  The probability of exclusion requires knowledge of the alleged parent's phenotype. 
D)  The PE compares two mutually exclusive hypotheses that are expressed as a likelihood ratio.

Question 15

Which of the following AABB standards must be met in paternity testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA testing using double-locus probes 
B)  Independent reading of electrophoretograms by two technologists 
C)  HLA and red blood cell antigen testing performed by two independent laboratories 
D)  All of the above 
A)  DNA testing using double-locus probes 
B)  Independent reading of electrophoretograms by two technologists 
C)  HLA and red blood cell antigen testing performed by two independent laboratories 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

A chimeric state exists in one of the individuals being tested in a paternity case. This can contribute to which type of exclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct 
B)  Indirect 
C)  False direct 
D)  False indirect 
A)  Direct 
B)  Indirect 
C)  False direct 
D)  False indirect

Question 17

What test systems are used in the ascertainment of paternity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocrine, RBC, serum protein, enzymes 
B)  RBC, HLA, enzymes, serum proteins 
C)  RBC, enzymes, HLA, hormones 
D)  Viral antigens, RBC, HLA, serum proteins 
A)  Endocrine, RBC, serum protein, enzymes 
B)  RBC, HLA, enzymes, serum proteins 
C)  RBC, enzymes, HLA, hormones 
D)  Viral antigens, RBC, HLA, serum proteins

Question 18

Which of these is not one of the classic systems used for parentage testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  ABO 
B)  DNA 
C)  Human leukocyte antigens 
D)  Polymorphic proteins 
A)  ABO 
B)  DNA 
C)  Human leukocyte antigens 
D)  Polymorphic proteins

Question 19

In paternity testing, which of the following systems is the first to be tested against samples drawn from the mother, alleged father, and child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh 
B)  Red blood cell enzymes 
C)  ABO 
D)  Kell 
A)  Rh 
B)  Red blood cell enzymes 
C)  ABO 
D)  Kell

Question 20

When does direct exclusion exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child possesses a marker that is present in either the mother or the alleged father. 
B)  The alleged father demonstrates heterozygosity for two different alleles in the same system and the child does not demonstrate either. 
C)  The child demonstrates only one marker and the alleged father demonstrates a different single marker. 
D)  A single DNA mismatch is demonstrated between alleged parent and child. 
A)  The child possesses a marker that is present in either the mother or the alleged father. 
B)  The alleged father demonstrates heterozygosity for two different alleles in the same system and the child does not demonstrate either. 
C)  The child demonstrates only one marker and the alleged father demonstrates a different single marker. 
D)  A single DNA mismatch is demonstrated between alleged parent and child.

Exam 24: Relationship Testing

In HLA serologic testing, how are cytotoxic effects of antigen-antibody interactions detected?

What is the basic unit of inheritance that determines the production or nonproduction of specific markers?

Which of the following factors are considered when selecting genetic systems to use for relationship testing?

Which of these is NOT one of the classic systems used for parentage testing?

What is the statistical basis of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Apparent opposite homozygosity is also known as:

The inclusionary calculations are deemed invalid if which of the following possible subjects is to be ruled out as the alleged father of the child?

Which system has the highest probability of exclusion?

What component of the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2) signifies heterozygotes?

What technology is used to demonstrate the presence of allelic variants of red blood cell enzymes and serum proteins?

How is HLA serologic testing performed?

Which offspring scenario could not be the result of the marriage shown?

Which of these is not a type of DNA polymorphism?

Which statement defines the probability of exclusion (PE)?

Which of the following AABB standards must be met in paternity testing?

A chimeric state exists in one of the individuals being tested in a paternity case. This can contribute to which type of exclusion?

What test systems are used in the ascertainment of paternity?

Which of these is not one of the classic systems used for parentage testing?

In paternity testing, which of the following systems is the first to be tested against samples drawn from the mother, alleged father, and child?

When does direct exclusion exist?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Filters

What component of the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p²+ 2pq + q²) signifies heterozygotes?