Question 1

How is the hepatitis A virus usually spread?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oral-fecal route 
B)  Blood transfusion 
C)  Sexual transmission 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Oral-fecal route 
B)  Blood transfusion 
C)  Sexual transmission 
D)  None of the above

Question 2

A person with acute hepatitis B infection is immune to infection from other hepatitis viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Lipid-enveloped viruses are inactivated by use of:

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol. 
B)  cold. 
C)  detergents. 
D)  heat. 
A)  alcohol. 
B)  cold. 
C)  detergents. 
D)  heat.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the Western blot confirmation test for HIV infection is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral components are distributed according to molecular weights. 
B)  Most persons with AIDS show bands to p24 and gp41. 
C)  Interpretation of test depends upon degree of immunofluorescence. 
D)  A purified viral lysate is dissolved in SDS and separated by PAGE electrophoresis. 
A)  Viral components are distributed according to molecular weights. 
B)  Most persons with AIDS show bands to p24 and gp41. 
C)  Interpretation of test depends upon degree of immunofluorescence. 
D)  A purified viral lysate is dissolved in SDS and separated by PAGE electrophoresis.

Question 5

Pathogen inactivation intervention includes all of these EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin's pasteurization. 
B)  anion-exchange chromatography. 
C)  cold-ethanol fractionation. 
D)  millipore filtration. 
A)  albumin's pasteurization. 
B)  anion-exchange chromatography. 
C)  cold-ethanol fractionation. 
D)  millipore filtration.

Question 6

The current risk of enveloped virus transmission is very low because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  heat treatment. 
B)  detergent treatment. 
C)  nanofiltration methods. 
D)  a combination of all of these. 
A)  heat treatment. 
B)  detergent treatment. 
C)  nanofiltration methods. 
D)  a combination of all of these.

Question 7

The "look-back" process includes notifying donors of abnormality with:

Accepted Answer

A)  predonation evaluation. 
B)  laboratory testing. 
C)  recipient follow-up. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  predonation evaluation. 
B)  laboratory testing. 
C)  recipient follow-up. 
D)  all of these.

Question 8

Which test for HIV infection depends on amplification of HIV integrated in the DNA of infected cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Western blot 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Immunofluorescence 
D)  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 
A)  Western blot 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Immunofluorescence 
D)  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Question 9

The hepatitis A virus belongs to which family of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retroviridae 
B)  Flaviviridae 
C)  Hepadnaviridae 
D)  Picornaviridae 
A)  Retroviridae 
B)  Flaviviridae 
C)  Hepadnaviridae 
D)  Picornaviridae

Question 10

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), an HIV-positive person is considered to have AIDS according to what criterion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Presence of anti-p24 
B)  Presence of anti-gp41 
C)  Fewer than 200 CD8+ T cells per µL 
D)  Fewer than 200 CD4+ T cells per µL 
A)  Presence of anti-p24 
B)  Presence of anti-gp41 
C)  Fewer than 200 CD8+ T cells per µL 
D)  Fewer than 200 CD4+ T cells per µL

Question 11

American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Standards mandate the donor of blood or a component given to a recipient who develops clinical or laboratory evidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis (TAH), HIV infection, or HTLV-I/II infection must be permanently deferred if the unit was:

Accepted Answer

A)  a directed donation. 
B)  the only unit transfused. 
C)  one of four transfused to the recipient. 
D)  positive for cytomegalovirus. 
A)  a directed donation. 
B)  the only unit transfused. 
C)  one of four transfused to the recipient. 
D)  positive for cytomegalovirus.

Question 12

Which statement regarding HDV is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The HDV is a DNA virus. 
B)  A carrier of hepatitis B virus cannot contract HDV infection. 
C)  Most HDV infections occur via blood transfusion. 
D)  HDV can occur simultaneously with hepatitis B virus. 
A)  The HDV is a DNA virus. 
B)  A carrier of hepatitis B virus cannot contract HDV infection. 
C)  Most HDV infections occur via blood transfusion. 
D)  HDV can occur simultaneously with hepatitis B virus.

Question 13

The hepatitis C virus is thought to be included in which family?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hepadnaviridae 
B)  Retroviridae 
C)  Flaviviridae 
D)  Picornaviridae 
A)  Hepadnaviridae 
B)  Retroviridae 
C)  Flaviviridae 
D)  Picornaviridae

Question 14

Why is transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) through blood components not a significant risk to most recipients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most recipients are CMV-positive. 
B)  Most recipients are CMV-negative. 
C)  The CMV cannot tolerate cold storage temperatures. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Most recipients are CMV-positive. 
B)  Most recipients are CMV-negative. 
C)  The CMV cannot tolerate cold storage temperatures. 
D)  None of the above

Question 15

In an individual infected with hepatitis B virus, which of the following is detected first?

Accepted Answer

A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBeAg 
C)  anti-HBc 
D)  anti-HBs 
A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBeAg 
C)  anti-HBc 
D)  anti-HBs

Question 16

How can hepatitis A infection be prevented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma protein fraction (PPF) 
B)  Normal serum albumin (NS
A)  
C)  Immune serum globulin (ISG) 
D)  Fresh frozen plasma (FPP) 
A)  Plasma protein fraction (PPF) 
B)  Normal serum albumin (NS
A)  
C)  Immune serum globulin (ISG) 
D)  Fresh frozen plasma (FPP)

Question 17

What marker usually is not detected when the hepatitis B-infected patient enters the convalescent phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anti-HBc 
B)  HBsAg 
C)  HBeAg 
D)  Anti-HBe 
A)  Anti-HBc 
B)  HBsAg 
C)  HBeAg 
D)  Anti-HBe

Question 18

What is the incubation period of hepatitis A virus in transfusion-associated hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  40 to 60 days 
B)  90 to 180 days 
C)  20 to 40 days 
D)  1 to 20 days 
A)  40 to 60 days 
B)  90 to 180 days 
C)  20 to 40 days 
D)  1 to 20 days

Question 19

The most sensitive test for the detection of HIV infection is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  polymerase chain reaction. 
B)  Western blot. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  Southern blot. 
A)  polymerase chain reaction. 
B)  Western blot. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  Southern blot.

Question 20

Which of the following is not included in the signs and symptoms of TAH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jaundice 
B)  Splenomegaly 
C)  Dark urine 
D)  Acholic stools 
A)  Jaundice 
B)  Splenomegaly 
C)  Dark urine 
D)  Acholic stools

Exam 14: Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

How is the hepatitis A virus usually spread?

A person with acute hepatitis B infection is immune to infection from other hepatitis viruses.

Lipid-enveloped viruses are inactivated by use of:

Which of the following statements regarding the Western blot confirmation test for HIV infection is false?

Pathogen inactivation intervention includes all of these EXCEPT:

The current risk of enveloped virus transmission is very low because of:

The "look-back" process includes notifying donors of abnormality with:

Which test for HIV infection depends on amplification of HIV integrated in the DNA of infected cells?

The hepatitis A virus belongs to which family of viruses?

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), an HIV-positive person is considered to have AIDS according to what criterion?

American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Standards mandate the donor of blood or a component given to a recipient who develops clinical or laboratory evidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis (TAH), HIV infection, or HTLV-I/II infection must be permanently deferred if the unit was:

Which statement regarding HDV is true?

The hepatitis C virus is thought to be included in which family?

Why is transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) through blood components not a significant risk to most recipients?

In an individual infected with hepatitis B virus, which of the following is detected first?

How can hepatitis A infection be prevented?

What marker usually is not detected when the hepatitis B-infected patient enters the convalescent phase?

What is the incubation period of hepatitis A virus in transfusion-associated hepatitis?

The most sensitive test for the detection of HIV infection is the:

Which of the following is not included in the signs and symptoms of TAH?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

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