Exam 3: Biological Molecules

When the level of glucose in your blood is high, your body is able to store excess glucose in the liver by forming glycogen. When blood glucose levels fall, this stored glucose can be released. Based on this information, which of the following is true?

Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule?

Carbon provides a versatile backbone for biological molecules. With an atomic number of 6, carbon can form up to ________ different ________ bonds.

HDL and LDL are different types of cholesterol found in the blood. These compounds are:

When winemakers produce wine, they use yeast to convert the sugary carbohydrates in grapes, such as sucrose and fructose, into alcohol. The yeasts, which are a type of fungus, cannot digest polysaccharides but can easily digest monosaccharides and a variety of disaccharides. The alcohol is a metabolic waste product of the yeasts' digestion. Beer makers use the same yeast to make alcohol from grains, such as barley. The predominant carbohydrate in grains, however, is starch, not sugar. Beer makers, then, must rely on some basic chemistry to get the alcohol they desire. In this scenario, what is the most likely procedure beer makers use to produce alcohol from starchy grains?

Many biological molecules are formed by the connection of monomer units in a(n)________ reaction (removal of water); the reverse process occurs via a(n)________ reaction (addition of water).

When 1 gram of each of the following is metabolized, which yields the greatest amount of energy?

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

The carbohydrate in DNA is:

Why can cows break down cellulose into glucose subunits, but humans cannot?

Which of the following is an example of a protein?

Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, and its digestion requires the actions of the enzyme lactase. If lactose is eaten as part of the diet but is not digested by lactase, this sugar is then metabolized by bacteria in the intestine, leading to the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance, therefore, results from a(n):

Where is glycogen stored in vertebrate animals?

Which nucleic acid functions as an energy carrier in the cell?

Keratin and silk are examples of ________, whereas glucose and maltose are examples of ________.

Prions are known to cause:

If digestion is ________, then synthesis is ________.

Lard is a solid fat at room temperature. What does this tell you about the triglycerides in lard?