Question 1

Fats and oils are made of:

Accepted Answer

A) three glycerols and three fatty acids. 
B) three fatty acids and one glycerol. 
C) one glycogen and two phospholipids. 
D) two fatty acids and one carboxyl acid. 
E) three amino acids and one glycerol. 
A) three glycerols and three fatty acids. 
B) three fatty acids and one glycerol. 
C) one glycogen and two phospholipids. 
D) two fatty acids and one carboxyl acid. 
E) three amino acids and one glycerol.

Question 2

The group of biological molecules that are most diverse in function is:

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates. 
B) lipids. 
C) proteins. 
D) nucleic acids. 
A) carbohydrates. 
B) lipids. 
C) proteins. 
D) nucleic acids.

Question 3

In dehydration synthesis, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from:

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen. 
B) only one of the reactants. 
C) both of the reactants. 
D) carbohydrates. 
E) enzymes. 
A) oxygen. 
B) only one of the reactants. 
C) both of the reactants. 
D) carbohydrates. 
E) enzymes.

Question 4

What type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of organic polymers into their respective subunits?

Accepted Answer

A) condensation 
B) oxidation 
C) hydrolysis 
D) ionization 
A) condensation 
B) oxidation 
C) hydrolysis 
D) ionization

Question 5

Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing:

Accepted Answer

A) carbon. 
B) covalent bonds. 
C) water. 
D) oxygen. 
E) peptides. 
A) carbon. 
B) covalent bonds. 
C) water. 
D) oxygen. 
E) peptides.

Question 6

In humans, dental cavities form when Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the mouth hydrolyze sucrose. Which of the following is/are released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose and fructose 
B) starch 
C) glucose and galactose 
D) glycogen 
A) glucose and fructose 
B) starch 
C) glucose and galactose 
D) glycogen

Question 7

Which molecule is a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) water 
C) lactose 
D) fructose 
A) glucose 
B) water 
C) lactose 
D) fructose

Question 8

How do two amino acids, such as lysine and methionine, differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

They have

Question 9

Which of the following groups is crucial to the structure and function of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleic acids 
A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleic acids

Question 10

Soap and detergent molecules have a long, hydrophobic "tail" and a polar, hydrophilic "head." They are sometimes referred to as "bridge molecules" because they allow oils and fats to be suspended and "dissolved" in aqueous solutions (which they otherwise would not be able to do). Imagine that you are using soap to wash away dirt that is being held against your skin in an oily film. In this scenario, how are the soap, dirt/oil, and water arranged at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

A) The soap encloses the dirt/oil within a small droplet that has a hydrophobic exterior and a hydrophilic interior. 
B) Water and dirt/oil form covalent bonds inside a small droplet that has a soap-based outer membrane. 
C) The soap molecules encase the dirt/oil within a small droplet that has a water-loving exterior and a water-repelling interior. 
D) The soap is converted into a lipid that binds to the dirt/oil while repelling the water. 
A) The soap encloses the dirt/oil within a small droplet that has a hydrophobic exterior and a hydrophilic interior. 
B) Water and dirt/oil form covalent bonds inside a small droplet that has a soap-based outer membrane. 
C) The soap molecules encase the dirt/oil within a small droplet that has a water-loving exterior and a water-repelling interior. 
D) The soap is converted into a lipid that binds to the dirt/oil while repelling the water.

Question 11

Which of the following BEST summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks them down. 
B) Hydrolysis creates polysaccharides, and dehydration creates monosaccharides. 
C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. 
D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions destroy them. 
E) Dehydration reactions occur only in animals, and hydrolysis reactions occur only in plants. 
A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks them down. 
B) Hydrolysis creates polysaccharides, and dehydration creates monosaccharides. 
C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. 
D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions destroy them. 
E) Dehydration reactions occur only in animals, and hydrolysis reactions occur only in plants.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about waxes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a type of complex carbohydrate. 
B) They are an important food source, and most animals have enzymes for breaking them down. 
C) They are saturated fats and are solid at normal outdoor temperatures. 
D) They are unsaturated and most similar to proteins. 
A) They are a type of complex carbohydrate. 
B) They are an important food source, and most animals have enzymes for breaking them down. 
C) They are saturated fats and are solid at normal outdoor temperatures. 
D) They are unsaturated and most similar to proteins.

Question 13

Two classes of organic compounds typically provide energy for living systems. Representatives of these two classes are:

Accepted Answer

A) fats and amino acids. 
B) amino acids and glycogen. 
C) amino acids and ribose. 
D) fats and polysaccharides. 
E) nucleic acids and phospholipids. 
A) fats and amino acids. 
B) amino acids and glycogen. 
C) amino acids and ribose. 
D) fats and polysaccharides. 
E) nucleic acids and phospholipids.

Question 14

RNA differs from DNA in that it contains the sugar ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of RNA differs from DNA in that it...

Question 15

A nucleotide is made of a:

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipid, sugar, and base. 
B) phosphate, protein, and base. 
C) phosphate, sugar, and base. 
D) phospholipid, sugar, and protein. 
A) phospholipid, sugar, and base. 
B) phosphate, protein, and base. 
C) phosphate, sugar, and base. 
D) phospholipid, sugar, and protein.

Question 16

Phospholipids are unusual yet important to cell membrane structure because they:

Accepted Answer

A) are part of DNA. 
B) contain nucleic acids. 
C) have a polar end and a nonpolar end. 
D) are found only in animals. 
E) are an important energy carrier molecule. 
A) are part of DNA. 
B) contain nucleic acids. 
C) have a polar end and a nonpolar end. 
D) are found only in animals. 
E) are an important energy carrier molecule.

Question 17

The fat substitute Olestra contains a sucrose backbone with six to eight fatty acids attached. How is this different from a naturally occurring fat?

Accepted Answer

A) Naturally occurring fats contain a glycerol and three fatty acids. 
B) Naturally occurring fats contain a glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. 
C) Naturally occurring fats contain a sucrose backbone and three fatty acid chains. 
D) It isn't; Olestra and natural fats have the same structure, just different tastes. 
A) Naturally occurring fats contain a glycerol and three fatty acids. 
B) Naturally occurring fats contain a glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. 
C) Naturally occurring fats contain a sucrose backbone and three fatty acid chains. 
D) It isn't; Olestra and natural fats have the same structure, just different tastes.

Question 18

Functional groups determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of organic molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain how a saturated fat is structurally different from an unsaturated fat.

Accepted Answer

A saturated fat has three fatty acids th

Question 20

Covalent bonds joining two nucleotides within a single strand of DNA form between:

Accepted Answer

A) a phosphate group and adenine. 
B) deoxyribose and a phosphate group. 
C) adenine and thymine. 
D) the phosphate groups of both. 
E) ribose and a base. 
A) a phosphate group and adenine. 
B) deoxyribose and a phosphate group. 
C) adenine and thymine. 
D) the phosphate groups of both. 
E) ribose and a base.

Exam 3: Biological Molecules

Fats and oils are made of:

The group of biological molecules that are most diverse in function is:

In dehydration synthesis, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from:

What type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of organic polymers into their respective subunits?

Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing:

In humans, dental cavities form when Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the mouth hydrolyze sucrose. Which of the following is/are released during this reaction?

Which molecule is a disaccharide?

How do two amino acids, such as lysine and methionine, differ from each other?

Which of the following groups is crucial to the structure and function of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone?

Which of the following BEST summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Which of the following is TRUE about waxes?

Two classes of organic compounds typically provide energy for living systems. Representatives of these two classes are:

RNA differs from DNA in that it contains the sugar ________.

A nucleotide is made of a:

Phospholipids are unusual yet important to cell membrane structure because they:

The fat substitute Olestra contains a sucrose backbone with six to eight fatty acids attached. How is this different from a naturally occurring fat?

Functional groups determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of organic molecules.

Explain how a saturated fat is structurally different from an unsaturated fat.

Covalent bonds joining two nucleotides within a single strand of DNA form between:

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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