Question 1

A denatured protein differs from a normal protein because it:

Accepted Answer

A) does not contain amino acids. 
B) has lost its usual secondary and tertiary structures. 
C) is composed of nucleotides. 
D) contains many disulfide bonds. 
A) does not contain amino acids. 
B) has lost its usual secondary and tertiary structures. 
C) is composed of nucleotides. 
D) contains many disulfide bonds.

Question 2

Your friend is trying to learn about how to kill bacteria. She reads that preservatives such as citric acid are added to foods because the acidic environment kills bacteria by denaturing their proteins. She thinks this sounds like a lot of scientific jargon and asks you what it means. How can you explain it in simpler terms?

Accepted Answer

A) Denaturing their proteins means that the proteins in bacteria are converted into carbohydrates. 
B) The acid causes the cells to swell and burst open, also known as denaturation. 
C) Denaturing means that the proteins of the bacteria lose their structure and can't function, so the bacteria die. 
D) Denaturing refers to the fact that the bacterial cells divide too quickly and die. 
A) Denaturing their proteins means that the proteins in bacteria are converted into carbohydrates. 
B) The acid causes the cells to swell and burst open, also known as denaturation. 
C) Denaturing means that the proteins of the bacteria lose their structure and can't function, so the bacteria die. 
D) Denaturing refers to the fact that the bacterial cells divide too quickly and die.

Question 3

You are telling your friend that organic molecules are all made up of carbon backbones with hydrogens. She doesn't understand how there can be so many different organic molecules if they all are made up of the same basic components. You explain that organic molecules:

Accepted Answer

A) vary because they possess different isotopes of carbon. 
B) vary because they possess different functional groups. 
C) actually all have the same structure but differ in the number of electrons. 
D) are different because of the different types of hydrogen bonds that form. 
A) vary because they possess different isotopes of carbon. 
B) vary because they possess different functional groups. 
C) actually all have the same structure but differ in the number of electrons. 
D) are different because of the different types of hydrogen bonds that form.

Question 4

Which of the following may possess primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleic acids 
A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleic acids

Question 5

Hydrolysis may be correctly described as the:

Accepted Answer

A) heating of a compound in order to drive off its excess water and to concentrate its volume. 
B) breaking of a compound into its subunits by adding water between the subunits. 
C) constant removal of hydrogen atoms from a carbohydrate. 
D) removal of water from a polymer. 
A) heating of a compound in order to drive off its excess water and to concentrate its volume. 
B) breaking of a compound into its subunits by adding water between the subunits. 
C) constant removal of hydrogen atoms from a carbohydrate. 
D) removal of water from a polymer.

Question 6

Which of the following refers to the amino acid sequence of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary

Question 7

The four polypeptides that are joined together to make hemoglobin represent which level of protein organization?

Accepted Answer

A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure 
A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure

Question 8

Scientists consider prions to be "puzzling" proteins. Which of the following is TRUE about prions?

Accepted Answer

A) Prions are the same as normal proteins but are denatured more easily than typical proteins. 
B) Prions are noninfectious proteins. 
C) Prions are infectious proteins that cannot be denatured by any amount of heat. 
D) Prions are proteins that cause nearby proteins to change shape. 
A) Prions are the same as normal proteins but are denatured more easily than typical proteins. 
B) Prions are noninfectious proteins. 
C) Prions are infectious proteins that cannot be denatured by any amount of heat. 
D) Prions are proteins that cause nearby proteins to change shape.

Question 9

Which of these is NOT a nucleic acid or nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) ATP 
D) LDL 
A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) ATP 
D) LDL

Question 10

Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) proteins. 
C) steroids. 
D) hormones. 
E) waxes. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) proteins. 
C) steroids. 
D) hormones. 
E) waxes.

Question 11

Which of the following is insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A) olive oil 
B) DNA 
C) sucrose 
D) salt 
E) amino acids 
A) olive oil 
B) DNA 
C) sucrose 
D) salt 
E) amino acids

Question 12

Complex, three-dimensional, tertiary structures of globular proteins are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) an absence of hydrophilic amino acids. 
B) a helical shape. 
C) a lack of cysteines in the amino acid sequence. 
D) disulfide bonds. 
A) an absence of hydrophilic amino acids. 
B) a helical shape. 
C) a lack of cysteines in the amino acid sequence. 
D) disulfide bonds.

Question 13

Which type of molecule is most abundant in a typical cell?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrocarbon 
B) protein 
C) water 
D) lipid 
E) carbohydrate 
A) hydrocarbon 
B) protein 
C) water 
D) lipid 
E) carbohydrate

Question 14

DNA carries genetic information in its:

Accepted Answer

A) helical form. 
B) sequence of bases. 
C) tertiary structure. 
D) phosphate groups. 
E) sugar groups. 
A) helical form. 
B) sequence of bases. 
C) tertiary structure. 
D) phosphate groups. 
E) sugar groups.

Question 15

Maltose is made from:

Accepted Answer

A) two peptides. 
B) two glucose molecules. 
C) glucose and fructose. 
D) glucose and galactose. 
A) two peptides. 
B) two glucose molecules. 
C) glucose and fructose. 
D) glucose and galactose.

Question 16

Which of the following BEST explains the molecular complexity of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) The large number of different monomers allows for the construction of many polymers. 
B) Each organism has its own unique set of monomers for use in constructing polymers. 
C) Condensation reactions can create different polymers because they can combine virtually any molecules in the cell. 
D) Although there are not many biological molecules in cells, each one has many different functions. 
E) A small number of monomers can be assembled into large polymers with many different sequences. 
A) The large number of different monomers allows for the construction of many polymers. 
B) Each organism has its own unique set of monomers for use in constructing polymers. 
C) Condensation reactions can create different polymers because they can combine virtually any molecules in the cell. 
D) Although there are not many biological molecules in cells, each one has many different functions. 
E) A small number of monomers can be assembled into large polymers with many different sequences.

Question 17

Organisms contain thousands of different proteins composed of ________ different amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 20 
C) 100 
D) 1,000 
E) more than 5,000 
A) 4 
B) 20 
C) 100 
D) 1,000 
E) more than 5,000

Question 18

New government regulations require that foods containing trans fats be labeled appropriately. A trans fat is formed when food manufacturers turn liquid oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils. This hydrogenation process produces a solid fat because adding the hydrogen:

Accepted Answer

A) allows fats to form tertiary and quaternary structures. 
B) allows the fatty acid chains to pack together more tightly. 
C) causes a phospholipid to form. 
D) forms a wax molecule. 
A) allows fats to form tertiary and quaternary structures. 
B) allows the fatty acid chains to pack together more tightly. 
C) causes a phospholipid to form. 
D) forms a wax molecule.

Question 19

Which of these biological molecules contain genetic information?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleic acids 
A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) lipids 
D) nucleic acids

Question 20

What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) Polymers of these organic molecules form monomers via condensation reactions. 
B) Covalent bonding holds these molecules together. 
C) All are inorganic molecules with various functional groups attached. 
D) All are important enzymes that function within the cell. 
A) Polymers of these organic molecules form monomers via condensation reactions. 
B) Covalent bonding holds these molecules together. 
C) All are inorganic molecules with various functional groups attached. 
D) All are important enzymes that function within the cell.

Exam 3: Biological Molecules

A denatured protein differs from a normal protein because it:

You are telling your friend that organic molecules are all made up of carbon backbones with hydrogens. She doesn't understand how there can be so many different organic molecules if they all are made up of the same basic components. You explain that organic molecules:

Which of the following may possess primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures?

Hydrolysis may be correctly described as the:

Which of the following refers to the amino acid sequence of proteins?

The four polypeptides that are joined together to make hemoglobin represent which level of protein organization?

Scientists consider prions to be "puzzling" proteins. Which of the following is TRUE about prions?

Which of these is NOT a nucleic acid or nucleotide?

Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen are examples of:

Which of the following is insoluble in water?

Complex, three-dimensional, tertiary structures of globular proteins are characterized by:

Which type of molecule is most abundant in a typical cell?

DNA carries genetic information in its:

Maltose is made from:

Which of the following BEST explains the molecular complexity of living organisms?

Organisms contain thousands of different proteins composed of ________ different amino acids.

New government regulations require that foods containing trans fats be labeled appropriately. A trans fat is formed when food manufacturers turn liquid oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils. This hydrogenation process produces a solid fat because adding the hydrogen:

Which of these biological molecules contain genetic information?

What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in common?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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