Exam 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is generated in the mitochondrial ________ after the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP-synthesizing proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

Which of the following is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?

The metabolic breakdown of one molecule of glucose generates the greatest amount of energy during:

In the process of cellular respiration, a molecule of ________ is completely broken down to form ________, ________, and ________.

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they shift from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must:

During glycolysis, "glucose activation" refers to the:

How do fatigued human muscle cells repay an "oxygen debt"?

The insecticide rotenone inhibits one of the steps of the electron transport system in mitochondria. What is a likely immediate result?

What is the significance of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation?

In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is:

Which step produces the most ATP?

In human muscle cells, fermentation (by itself)produces:

Within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose, fermentation occurs in the:

The conversion of glucose to lactate is a form of ________.

Which of the following processes occurs in a membrane?

Which of the following processes involves citric acid?

From the beginning of glycolysis to the end of the Krebs cycle, what has the cell gained from the breakdown of each molecule of glucose?

The French biochemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur investigated the metabolism of yeast, which can survive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. He observed that the yeast consumed sugar at a much faster rate under anaerobic conditions than it did under aerobic conditions. Explain this "Pasteur effect."

How many CO2 molecules are generated from each pyruvate that enters the mitochondria?

Respiration rates are measured by the amount of oxygen per gram of tissue per hour. In a series of experiments, it was determined that a warm-blooded mouse requires 2.5 milliliters of O2 per gram of tissue per hour, whereas a cold-blooded crayfish requires 0.047 milliliter of O2 per gram of tissue per hour. Why is there such a dramatic difference in respiration rates between these animals?