Question 1

What happens when hydrochloric acid (HCl)is added to pure water?

Accepted Answer

A) The HCl molecules separate into H+ and Cl- ions. 
B) The water has a decrease of H+ ions. 
C) The HCl molecules float on top of the water. 
D) The concentration of OH- ions increases. 
E) The pH of the solution increases. 
A) The HCl molecules separate into H+ and Cl- ions. 
B) The water has a decrease of H+ ions. 
C) The HCl molecules float on top of the water. 
D) The concentration of OH- ions increases. 
E) The pH of the solution increases. A

Question 2

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of ________.

Accepted Answer

neutrons

Question 3

The chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of ________ in its atoms.

Accepted Answer

electrons

Question 4

Which of the following results from a transfer of electron(s)between atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) nonpolar covalent bond 
B) polar covalent bond 
C) ionic bond 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) electronproton interaction 
A) nonpolar covalent bond 
B) polar covalent bond 
C) ionic bond 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) electronproton interaction

Question 5

Which of these atoms would become inert if it accepted three electrons?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon 
B) hydrogen 
C) phosphorus 
D) calcium 
A) carbon 
B) hydrogen 
C) phosphorus 
D) calcium

Question 6

Which of the following represents a molecule characterized by polar covalent bonding?

Accepted Answer

A) NaCl 
B) H2 
C) H2O 
D) CC 
E) CH4 
A) NaCl 
B) H2 
C) H2O 
D) CC 
E) CH4

Question 7

What type of attraction exists between the slight positive charge of a hydrogen atom and the slight negative charge of a nearby atom?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of attraction exists between the...

Question 8

Polar covalent bonds form when:

Accepted Answer

A) electrons are shared unequally between atoms. 
B) more than one pair of electrons is shared. 
C) ions are formed. 
D) an acid and a base are combined. 
E) atoms from two molecules are attracted to each other. 
A) electrons are shared unequally between atoms. 
B) more than one pair of electrons is shared. 
C) ions are formed. 
D) an acid and a base are combined. 
E) atoms from two molecules are attracted to each other.

Question 9

In general, a substance that carries an electric charge can dissolve in water. Given this fact, which of the following would most likely NOT dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic compounds 
B) polar covalent molecules 
C) nonpolar molecules 
D) NaCl 
A) ionic compounds 
B) polar covalent molecules 
C) nonpolar molecules 
D) NaCl

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

A) the bond between O and H in a single molecule of water 
B) the bond between O of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule 
C) the bond between O of one water molecule and O of a second water molecule 
D) the bond between H of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule 
E) the bond between the H of a water molecule and H of a hydrogen molecule 
A) the bond between O and H in a single molecule of water 
B) the bond between O of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule 
C) the bond between O of one water molecule and O of a second water molecule 
D) the bond between H of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule 
E) the bond between the H of a water molecule and H of a hydrogen molecule

Question 11

Sodium (Na), atomic number 11, has a tendency to lose an electron in the presence of chlorine. After losing the electron, Na has ________ protons in its nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 11 
C) 12 
D) 21 
E) 22 
A) 10 
B) 11 
C) 12 
D) 21 
E) 22

Question 12

Which of the following often form(s)as a result of polar bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bonds 
B) hydrogen bonds 
C) peptide bonds 
D) ice 
E) water 
A) ionic bonds 
B) hydrogen bonds 
C) peptide bonds 
D) ice 
E) water

Question 13

A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another substance is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) element. 
B) molecule. 
C) ion. 
D) compound. 
E) mixture. 
A) element. 
B) molecule. 
C) ion. 
D) compound. 
E) mixture.

Question 14

Which property (or properties)of water enables it to function as a moderator of temperature for living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) high specific heat 
B) high heat of vaporization 
C) high heat of fusion 
D) high specific heat and high heat of vaporization 
E) high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and high heat of fusion 
A) high specific heat 
B) high heat of vaporization 
C) high heat of fusion 
D) high specific heat and high heat of vaporization 
E) high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and high heat of fusion

Question 15

An atom's nucleus is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A) protons only. 
B) neutrons only. 
C) protons and electrons. 
D) protons and neutrons. 
E) neutrons and electrons. 
A) protons only. 
B) neutrons only. 
C) protons and electrons. 
D) protons and neutrons. 
E) neutrons and electrons.

Question 16

Which of the following is the most dense?

Accepted Answer

A) liquid water 
B) water vapor 
C) ice 
A) liquid water 
B) water vapor 
C) ice

Question 17

Your friend does a belly flop into the pool. The stinging pain he feels is most likely due to the:

Accepted Answer

A) surface tension of water. 
B) fact that water is a good solvent. 
C) pH of the water. 
D) hydrophobic nature of your friend's skin. 
A) surface tension of water. 
B) fact that water is a good solvent. 
C) pH of the water. 
D) hydrophobic nature of your friend's skin.

Question 18

All animals need oxygen gas (O2)for their primary cellular-level functioning. Inside the cell, O2 is split apart into oxygen atoms. Eventually, electrons that are flowing through the cell will be "received" by this oxygen. But first, the electrons combine with protons present in the cell to form a basic element that has a single proton and a single electron. Then, this element combines with the oxygen to form a certain chemical compound. In this scenario, what chemical compound is produced?

Accepted Answer

A) water (H2O) 
B) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
C) ozone (O3) 
D) bicarbonate (HCO3) 
A) water (H2O) 
B) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
C) ozone (O3) 
D) bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 19

Scientists recommend a diet rich in antioxidants to stay healthy. What occurs at the atomic level to explain this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

A) Antioxidants stop the chain reaction of cellular damage caused by free radicals. 
B) Antioxidants cause an increase in pH, which is necessary for neutrality in cells. 
C) Antioxidants steal electrons, which gives cells extra energy. 
D) Antioxidants are inert and do not interact with free radicals. 
A) Antioxidants stop the chain reaction of cellular damage caused by free radicals. 
B) Antioxidants cause an increase in pH, which is necessary for neutrality in cells. 
C) Antioxidants steal electrons, which gives cells extra energy. 
D) Antioxidants are inert and do not interact with free radicals.

Question 20

Imagine that you have been hired as a chemist and your first task is to examine a newly discovered atom. The paperwork you are given states that its atomic number is 110. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) The atom contains 110 protons. 
B) The atom contains 55 electrons. 
C) The atom contains 55 protons and 55 neutrons. 
D) The atom is an isotope. 
A) The atom contains 110 protons. 
B) The atom contains 55 electrons. 
C) The atom contains 55 protons and 55 neutrons. 
D) The atom is an isotope.

Exam 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Life

What happens when hydrochloric acid (HCl)is added to pure water?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of ________.

The chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of ________ in its atoms.

Which of the following results from a transfer of electron(s)between atoms?

Which of these atoms would become inert if it accepted three electrons?

Which of the following represents a molecule characterized by polar covalent bonding?

What type of attraction exists between the slight positive charge of a hydrogen atom and the slight negative charge of a nearby atom?

Polar covalent bonds form when:

In general, a substance that carries an electric charge can dissolve in water. Given this fact, which of the following would most likely NOT dissolve in water?

Which of the following is an example of hydrogen bonding?

Sodium (Na), atomic number 11, has a tendency to lose an electron in the presence of chlorine. After losing the electron, Na has ________ protons in its nucleus.

Which of the following often form(s)as a result of polar bonds?

A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another substance is called a(n):

Which property (or properties)of water enables it to function as a moderator of temperature for living organisms?

An atom's nucleus is composed of:

Which of the following is the most dense?

Your friend does a belly flop into the pool. The stinging pain he feels is most likely due to the:

Scientists recommend a diet rich in antioxidants to stay healthy. What occurs at the atomic level to explain this recommendation?

Imagine that you have been hired as a chemist and your first task is to examine a newly discovered atom. The paperwork you are given states that its atomic number is 110. What does this mean?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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