Exam 43: Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

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Based on your understanding of the key differences between monocots and dicots, what characteristics can you see with your naked eye that can help you distinguish between them?

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Question 1

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number of flower parts (multiples of three for monocots; multiples of four or five for dicots), leaf venation (parallel for monocots; netlike for dicots), leaf shape (narrow for monocots; palmate or oval for dicots), and root type (fibrous for monocots; taproot for dicots)

Both primary growth and secondary growth are accomplished by mitotic cell division. Compare and contrast these two types of growth.

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Primary growth involves apical meristem cells and occurs in the growing tips of roots and shoots. Differentiation following division is responsible for specialized plant structures. Secondary growth occurs by the division of lateral meristem cells and causes stems and roots to become thicker and woodier.

Of the major tissue systems associated with land plants, the ________ system covers the outer surface of the primary plant.

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Question 3

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Which of the following is NOT found in xylem?

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Question 4

Compare the functions of roots with those of shoots. How are they similar, and how are they different?

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Question 5

Several chemical pollutants from a paper mill are released into the nearby environment. Compound A is rich in calcium and magnesium. Compound B binds tightly to all free polypeptides and proteins in the soil. Compound C is structurally similar to abscisic acid. Based on this scenario, which compound will most likely harm the surrounding vegetation, and what effect(s)will it have on the plants?

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Question 6

In the spring, when sugars are moving from the root of a plant to the developing buds, the root is the phloem and the bud is the phloem .

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Question 7

Which essential plant nutrient regulates the opening and closing of pores in the leaves?

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Question 8

In the stems of plants, where is sugar converted to starch and the starch stored as a food reserve?

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Question 9

Branches from a stem develop from the , whereas branches from a root develop from the .

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Question 10

What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life?

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Question 11

The location of the pericyle is best described as:

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Question 12

The soft, thin-walled, living ground tissue cells that make up most of a leaf such as lettuce are:

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Question 13

You found the following plants growing on campus during a field trip: a small plant with a notable absence of root hairs; a short, stubby plant with an enlarged taproot; a tall annual herb with fungal strands extending from its roots; a low-growing plant with nodules on the roots; and a woody shrub with an extensive fibrous root system. Based on this scenario, which plant is most likely a legume with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

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Question 14

Phloem sieve-tube elements are able to remain alive because adjacent ________ cells nourish them.

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Question 15

Where are apical meristems located?

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Question 16

You are examining a rigid plant tissue; it does not flex or bend. Tests show that it is not consuming oxygen gas, as would be expected if aerobic respiration were occurring. This tissue is probably:

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Question 17

Examination of a woody stem reveals that some tissues are dead at maturity. These dead tissues are:

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Question 18

In vascular plants, sugar solutions are transported through tubes constructed of cells called:

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Question 19

Increases in plant length (such as overall height or branch and root length)result from cell division that occurs:

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Question 20

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Exam 43: Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Based on your understanding of the key differences between monocots and dicots, what characteristics can you see with your naked eye that can help you distinguish between them?

Both primary growth and secondary growth are accomplished by mitotic cell division. Compare and contrast these two types of growth.

Of the major tissue systems associated with land plants, the ________ system covers the outer surface of the primary plant.

Which of the following is NOT found in xylem?

Compare the functions of roots with those of shoots. How are they similar, and how are they different?

In the spring, when sugars are moving from the root of a plant to the developing buds, the root is the phloem ________ and the bud is the phloem ________.

Which essential plant nutrient regulates the opening and closing of pores in the leaves?

In the stems of plants, where is sugar converted to starch and the starch stored as a food reserve?

Branches from a stem develop from the ________, whereas branches from a root develop from the ________.

What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life?

The location of the pericyle is best described as:

The soft, thin-walled, living ground tissue cells that make up most of a leaf such as lettuce are:

Phloem sieve-tube elements are able to remain alive because adjacent ________ cells nourish them.

Where are apical meristems located?

You are examining a rigid plant tissue; it does not flex or bend. Tests show that it is not consuming oxygen gas, as would be expected if aerobic respiration were occurring. This tissue is probably:

Examination of a woody stem reveals that some tissues are dead at maturity. These dead tissues are:

In vascular plants, sugar solutions are transported through tubes constructed of cells called:

Increases in plant length (such as overall height or branch and root length)result from cell division that occurs:

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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In the spring, when sugars are moving from the root of a plant to the developing buds, the root is the phloem and the bud is the phloem .

Branches from a stem develop from the , whereas branches from a root develop from the .