Question 1

​A purine base contains ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​one less phosphate group than a pyrimidine base 
B) ​two rings 
C) ​sulfur instead of nitrogen 
D) ​phosphate instead of nitrogen 
E) ​one ring 
A) ​one less phosphate group than a pyrimidine base 
B) ​two rings 
C) ​sulfur instead of nitrogen 
D) ​phosphate instead of nitrogen 
E) ​one ring

Question 2

​In a DNA molecule, cytosine binds to ____ by ____ hydrogen bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) ​thymine; two 
B) ​adenine; two 
C) ​adenine; three 
D) ​guanine; two 
E) ​guanine; three 
A) ​thymine; two 
B) ​adenine; two 
C) ​adenine; three 
D) ​guanine; two 
E) ​guanine; three

Question 3

Which example of complementary base pairing is correct?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​G to G 
B) ​A to C 
C) ​pyrimidine to pyrimidine 
D) ​purine to purine 
E) ​purine to pyrimidine 
A) ​G to G 
B) ​A to C 
C) ​pyrimidine to pyrimidine 
D) ​purine to purine 
E) ​purine to pyrimidine

Question 4

Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing R bacteria to S bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
B) Griffith 
C) Chargaff 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Pauling 
A) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
B) Griffith 
C) Chargaff 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Pauling

Question 5

Match each definition to the correct term.​
-​nucleosome

Accepted Answer

A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand 
A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand

Question 6

Bacteriophages are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) DNA-degrading enzymes 
C) viruses 
D) cellular components 
E) chromosomes 
A) bacteria 
B) DNA-degrading enzymes 
C) viruses 
D) cellular components 
E) chromosomes

Question 7

Match each definition to the correct term.​
-clone​

Accepted Answer

A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand 
A) ​composed of nitrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphate group(s) 
B) ​a genetic copy 
C) ​chromosome that does not determine sex 
D) ​DNA wrapped around histones 
E) ​fills in gaps between nucleotides; seals breaks in a DNA strand
F)​having two of each type of chromosome
G)​adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand

Question 8

When Avery and McCarty were attempting to identify the substance involved transferring hereditary material, they tested the ability of a bacterial S cell extract to transform R cells after different components of the extract were degraded by enzymes. Which treatment inhibited the ability of the S cell extract to transform R cells?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA-degrading enzymes 
B) RNA-degrading enzymes 
C) protein-degrading enzymes 
D) lipid-degrading enzymes 
E) amino acid-degrading enzymes 
A) DNA-degrading enzymes 
B) RNA-degrading enzymes 
C) protein-degrading enzymes 
D) lipid-degrading enzymes 
E) amino acid-degrading enzymes

Question 9

When a cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, it is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) haploid 
B) duplicated 
C) diploid 
D) triploid 
E) complete 
A) haploid 
B) duplicated 
C) diploid 
D) triploid 
E) complete

Question 10

When DNA replication begins, ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the two DNA strands unwind from each other 
B) the two DNA strands condense 
C) two DNA molecules bond 
D) old DNA strands move to pair with new strands 
E) the sugar-phosphate backbone is degraded 
A) the two DNA strands unwind from each other 
B) the two DNA strands condense 
C) two DNA molecules bond 
D) old DNA strands move to pair with new strands 
E) the sugar-phosphate backbone is degraded

Question 11

A human karyotype showing 22 pairs of autosomes plus two X chromosomes indicates a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A) normal male 
B) normal female 
C) abnormal male 
D) abnormal female 
E) human whose sex cannot be determined 
A) normal male 
B) normal female 
C) abnormal male 
D) abnormal female 
E) human whose sex cannot be determined

Question 12

Which statement correctly describes mutations and their repairs?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​DNA polymerase makes very few mistakes during DNA replication. 
B) ​DNA polymerase can correct mistakes made during DNA replication. 
C) ​Mutations only occur during DNA replication. 
D) ​DNA polymerase can easily copy damaged DNA. 
E) ​Repair enzymes can fix a mutation after the altered DNA strand has been replicated. 
A) ​DNA polymerase makes very few mistakes during DNA replication. 
B) ​DNA polymerase can correct mistakes made during DNA replication. 
C) ​Mutations only occur during DNA replication. 
D) ​DNA polymerase can easily copy damaged DNA. 
E) ​Repair enzymes can fix a mutation after the altered DNA strand has been replicated.

Question 13

Proofreading by DNA polymerase must occur before the end of ____ to prevent mistakes from becoming mutations.

Accepted Answer

A) cell division 
B) chromatid duplication 
C) transcription 
D) translation 
E) DNA replication 
A) cell division 
B) chromatid duplication 
C) transcription 
D) translation 
E) DNA replication

Question 14

The building blocks of nucleic acids are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) fatty acids 
C) monosaccharides 
D) nucleotides 
E) lipids 
A) amino acids 
B) fatty acids 
C) monosaccharides 
D) nucleotides 
E) lipids

Question 15

Mutations ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​are always dangerous 
B) ​can only occur in sperm or egg cells 
C) ​can only occur in somatic cells 
D) ​produce clones 
E) ​can alter any part of the cell's DNA 
A) ​are always dangerous 
B) ​can only occur in sperm or egg cells 
C) ​can only occur in somatic cells 
D) ​produce clones 
E) ​can alter any part of the cell's DNA

Question 16

​During DNA replication, DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a bond between the ____ group on the 3′ carbon at the end of a DNA strand and the ____ group on a nucleotide's 5′ carbon.

Accepted Answer

A) ​phosphate; hydroxyl 
B) ​hydroxyl; phosphate 
C) ​phosphate; sulfur 
D) ​hydroxyl; sulfur 
E) ​sulfur; phosphate 
A) ​phosphate; hydroxyl 
B) ​hydroxyl; phosphate 
C) ​phosphate; sulfur 
D) ​hydroxyl; sulfur 
E) ​sulfur; phosphate

Question 17

Nucleic acids contain ____.

Accepted Answer

A) sulfur 
B) nitrogen 
C) potassium 
D) iron 
E) manganese 
A) sulfur 
B) nitrogen 
C) potassium 
D) iron 
E) manganese

Question 18

UV light can cause the formation of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosine dimers only 
B) thymine dimers only 
C) adenine dimers only 
D) cytosine or thymine dimers 
E) cytosine, thymine, or adenine dimers 
A) cytosine dimers only 
B) thymine dimers only 
C) adenine dimers only 
D) cytosine or thymine dimers 
E) cytosine, thymine, or adenine dimers

Question 19

Match the nucleotide to its correct description.
-This nucleotide is a double-ringed molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) guanine 
B) cytosine 
C) pyrimidine 
D) thymine 
A) guanine 
B) cytosine 
C) pyrimidine 
D) thymine

Question 20

Describe the difference between a replication error and a mutation.

Accepted Answer

A replication error occurs during the pr

Exam 8: DNA Structure and Function

​A purine base contains ____.

​In a DNA molecule, cytosine binds to ____ by ____ hydrogen bonds.

Which example of complementary base pairing is correct?​

Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing R bacteria to S bacteria?

Match each definition to the correct term.​ -​nucleosome

Bacteriophages are ____.

Match each definition to the correct term.​ -clone​

When a cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, it is ____.

When DNA replication begins, ____.

A human karyotype showing 22 pairs of autosomes plus two X chromosomes indicates a(n) ____.

Which statement correctly describes mutations and their repairs?​

Proofreading by DNA polymerase must occur before the end of ____ to prevent mistakes from becoming mutations.

The building blocks of nucleic acids are ____.

Mutations ____.​

​During DNA replication, DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a bond between the ____ group on the 3′ carbon at the end of a DNA strand and the ____ group on a nucleotide's 5′ carbon.

Nucleic acids contain ____.

UV light can cause the formation of ____.

Match the nucleotide to its correct description. -This nucleotide is a double-ringed molecule.

Describe the difference between a replication error and a mutation.

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

A purine base contains ____.

In a DNA molecule, cytosine binds to by hydrogen bonds.

Which example of complementary base pairing is correct?

Match each definition to the correct term. -nucleosome

Match each definition to the correct term. -clone

Which statement correctly describes mutations and their repairs?

Mutations ____.

During DNA replication, DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a bond between the group on the 3′ carbon at the end of a DNA strand and the group on a nucleotide's 5′ carbon.