Question 1

When performing a sequencing reaction using Sanger sequencing,which ddNTPs must be included in the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) ddGTP 
B) ddCTP 
C) ddATP 
D) ddTTP 
E) all four ddNTPs must be present 
A) ddGTP 
B) ddCTP 
C) ddATP 
D) ddTTP 
E) all four ddNTPs must be present

Question 2

Recognition sequences for restriction enzymes possess the unique quality of being the same when read 5' to 3' on either strand.What is this property called?

Accepted Answer

A) recombination sequence 
B) palindromic sequence 
C) consensus sequence 
D) gene sequence 
E) origin sequence 
A) recombination sequence 
B) palindromic sequence 
C) consensus sequence 
D) gene sequence 
E) origin sequence

Question 3

Protospacer adjacent motifs,PAMs,allow bacteria to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) recognize and integrate foreign DNA 
B) recognize and digest foreign DNA 
C) recognize proper spacing for bacterial transcription initiation 
D) recognize and digest their own DNA 
A) recognize and integrate foreign DNA 
B) recognize and digest foreign DNA 
C) recognize proper spacing for bacterial transcription initiation 
D) recognize and digest their own DNA

Question 4

Fluorescence in situ hybridization is another way to visualize the presence of a nucleotide sequence.Which of the following is an advantage of FISH over Northern and Southern blots?

Accepted Answer

A) Probes are not needed in FISH. 
B) There are no advantages to FISH over Northern and Southern blots. 
C) Blotting is not used in FISH. 
D) Fluorophores are not used in Northern or Southern blots. 
A) Probes are not needed in FISH. 
B) There are no advantages to FISH over Northern and Southern blots. 
C) Blotting is not used in FISH. 
D) Fluorophores are not used in Northern or Southern blots.

Question 5

ddATP,ddTTP,ddCTP,and ddGTP are labeled with red,green,yellow,and blue fluorescent dyes,respectively.A five- base read from a sequencing reaction produced the following color sequence,read by the computer: red,yellow,yellow,green,green.What is the sequence of the template DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) TGGAA 
B) AAGGT 
C) ACCTT 
D) TTCCA 
A) TGGAA 
B) AAGGT 
C) ACCTT 
D) TTCCA

Question 6

Transgenic animals are useful in studying the effects of a gene product on the organism's phenotype.Briefly describe how you would study the effect of overexpression of a pancreatic enzyme using a transgenic animal.

Accepted Answer

The gene of interest can be inserted int

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

A) The direction in which DNA is cloned. 
B) The fragment of DNA encoding a gene of interest. 
C) A DNA molecule that accepts DNA fragments and replicates the fragment in a host. 
D) A DNA molecule that accepts DNA fragments and degrades them in a host. 
A) The direction in which DNA is cloned. 
B) The fragment of DNA encoding a gene of interest. 
C) A DNA molecule that accepts DNA fragments and replicates the fragment in a host. 
D) A DNA molecule that accepts DNA fragments and degrades them in a host.

Question 8

Genomic libraries are constructed from the fragments generated from a________ digest.

Accepted Answer

A) incomplete 
B) random 
C) complete 
D) gene specific 
A) incomplete 
B) random 
C) complete 
D) gene specific

Question 9

Briefly explain the three major steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

Accepted Answer

The first step is denaturation of the ta

Question 10

The generation of a knock- out organism generally requires all the following EXCEPT________ .

Accepted Answer

A) a targeting vector 
B) knowledge of the sequence product 
C) knowledge of the target sequence 
D) a selectable marker 
E) embryonic stem cells 
A) a targeting vector 
B) knowledge of the sequence product 
C) knowledge of the target sequence 
D) a selectable marker 
E) embryonic stem cells

Question 11

Due to single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs),all humans have a slightly different nucleotide sequence for their genome.Restriction mapping is used in forensic sciences to match DNA evidence to a potential suspect of a crime.How does restriction mapping reduce the likelihood of misidentifying a suspect?

Accepted Answer

A) SNPs change the genes that are expressed 
B) SNPs only remove restriction sites from the genome resulting in a unique "fingerprint" for each person 
C) SNPs add and remove restriction sites resulting in a unique "fingerprint" for each person 
D) SNPs only add new restriction sites to the genome resulting in a unique "fingerprint" for each person 
A) SNPs change the genes that are expressed 
B) SNPs only remove restriction sites from the genome resulting in a unique "fingerprint" for each person 
C) SNPs add and remove restriction sites resulting in a unique "fingerprint" for each person 
D) SNPs only add new restriction sites to the genome resulting in a unique "fingerprint" for each person

Question 12

Restriction mapping is used to characterize cloned DNA.What does a restriction map tell the researcher about the cloned DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The size of the genome the cloned DNA was isolated from. 
B) The restricted conditions under which the organism can grow. 
C) The number of restriction sites for the specific restriction enzyme. 
D) The distances between restriction sites for the specific restriction enzyme. 
E) The number of sites and distance between them for the specific restriction enzyme. 
A) The size of the genome the cloned DNA was isolated from. 
B) The restricted conditions under which the organism can grow. 
C) The number of restriction sites for the specific restriction enzyme. 
D) The distances between restriction sites for the specific restriction enzyme. 
E) The number of sites and distance between them for the specific restriction enzyme.

Question 13

When a 5- kb circular plasmid is digested with a restriction enzyme that has three recognition sites on the plasmid,how many bands can be visualized on an agarose gel?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 14

When choosing a restriction enzyme for use in recombinant DNA technologies,it is often preferred that the enzyme generate cohesive,or "sticky," ends.Why is this preferred?

Accepted Answer

A) The sticky ends prevent the DNA from re- annealing to any DNA. 
B) The sticky ends make the DNA bind tighter to any cut DNA. 
C) The sticky ends stick to the purification medium making the fragments easier to purify. 
D) The sticky ends have hydrogen bonds that help re- anneal the cut DNA. 
E) The sticky ends do not have hydrogen bonds to help in re- annealing the cut DNA. 
A) The sticky ends prevent the DNA from re- annealing to any DNA. 
B) The sticky ends make the DNA bind tighter to any cut DNA. 
C) The sticky ends stick to the purification medium making the fragments easier to purify. 
D) The sticky ends have hydrogen bonds that help re- anneal the cut DNA. 
E) The sticky ends do not have hydrogen bonds to help in re- annealing the cut DNA.

Question 15

Nucleic acid blotting is commonly used in molecular biology.Northern blotting is used to detect the presence of which type of nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) ribonucleic acids 
B) unnatural nucleic acids 
C) deoxyribonucleic acids 
D) triphosphate nucleic acids 
E) transfer ribonucleic acids 
A) ribonucleic acids 
B) unnatural nucleic acids 
C) deoxyribonucleic acids 
D) triphosphate nucleic acids 
E) transfer ribonucleic acids

Question 16

Recombinant DNA technologies are methods used to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) induce homologous recombination inside a cell 
B) manipulate DNA for the study of specific sequences 
C) combine chromosomes to make them easier to study 
D) integrate DNA in computers to make them faster 
E) join together DNA molecules from the same source 
A) induce homologous recombination inside a cell 
B) manipulate DNA for the study of specific sequences 
C) combine chromosomes to make them easier to study 
D) integrate DNA in computers to make them faster 
E) join together DNA molecules from the same source

Question 17

Agarose gels separate DNA fragments based on what property?

Accepted Answer

A) amount of adenine bases in the sequence 
B) charge of the DNA molecule 
C) amount of agarose in the DNA 
D) size of the fragment 
A) amount of adenine bases in the sequence 
B) charge of the DNA molecule 
C) amount of agarose in the DNA 
D) size of the fragment

Question 18

Next- generation sequencing takes advantage of the concept of sequencing- by- synthesis.What is sequence- by- synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) The use of PCR to incorporate ddNTPs,followed by electrophoresis. 
B) The use of a multiwell system and microfluidics to detect incorporated nucleotides at each base. 
C) The use of firefly luciferase and pyrophosphate to report on nucleotide incorporation. 
D) The use of a single polymerase in a nanopore that reports on a single molecule of synthesized DNA. 
A) The use of PCR to incorporate ddNTPs,followed by electrophoresis. 
B) The use of a multiwell system and microfluidics to detect incorporated nucleotides at each base. 
C) The use of firefly luciferase and pyrophosphate to report on nucleotide incorporation. 
D) The use of a single polymerase in a nanopore that reports on a single molecule of synthesized DNA.

Question 19

Transformation of cells using the technique of heat shock requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the use of zinc ions 
B) brief electric shock 
C) brief exposure to elevated temperature 
D) the use of calcium and brief exposure to elevated temperature 
E) the use of calcium ions 
A) the use of zinc ions 
B) brief electric shock 
C) brief exposure to elevated temperature 
D) the use of calcium and brief exposure to elevated temperature 
E) the use of calcium ions

Question 20

Sanger sequencing is based on the order in which ddNTPs are added to a growing polynucleotide.Why are ddNTPs integral to the Sanger sequencing method?

Accepted Answer

A) They have a 3' hydroxyl that allows for extension of the polynucleotide. 
B) They do not have a 2' hydroxyl,which does not allow the extension of the polynucleotide. 
C) They do not have a 3' hydroxyl,which does not allow the extension of the polynucleotide. 
D) They have a 2' hydroxyl that allows for extension of the polynucleotide. 
A) They have a 3' hydroxyl that allows for extension of the polynucleotide. 
B) They do not have a 2' hydroxyl,which does not allow the extension of the polynucleotide. 
C) They do not have a 3' hydroxyl,which does not allow the extension of the polynucleotide. 
D) They have a 2' hydroxyl that allows for extension of the polynucleotide.

Exam 20: Recombinant Dna Technology

When performing a sequencing reaction using Sanger sequencing,which ddNTPs must be included in the reaction?

Recognition sequences for restriction enzymes possess the unique quality of being the same when read 5' to 3' on either strand.What is this property called?

Protospacer adjacent motifs,PAMs,allow bacteria to do which of the following?

Fluorescence in situ hybridization is another way to visualize the presence of a nucleotide sequence.Which of the following is an advantage of FISH over Northern and Southern blots?

ddATP,ddTTP,ddCTP,and ddGTP are labeled with red,green,yellow,and blue fluorescent dyes,respectively.A five- base read from a sequencing reaction produced the following color sequence,read by the computer: red,yellow,yellow,green,green.What is the sequence of the template DNA?

Transgenic animals are useful in studying the effects of a gene product on the organism's phenotype.Briefly describe how you would study the effect of overexpression of a pancreatic enzyme using a transgenic animal.

Which of the following best describes a cloning vector?

Genomic libraries are constructed from the fragments generated from a________ digest.

Briefly explain the three major steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

The generation of a knock- out organism generally requires all the following EXCEPT________ .

Restriction mapping is used to characterize cloned DNA.What does a restriction map tell the researcher about the cloned DNA?

When a 5- kb circular plasmid is digested with a restriction enzyme that has three recognition sites on the plasmid,how many bands can be visualized on an agarose gel?

When choosing a restriction enzyme for use in recombinant DNA technologies,it is often preferred that the enzyme generate cohesive,or "sticky," ends.Why is this preferred?

Nucleic acid blotting is commonly used in molecular biology.Northern blotting is used to detect the presence of which type of nucleic acid?

Recombinant DNA technologies are methods used to do which of the following?

Agarose gels separate DNA fragments based on what property?

Next- generation sequencing takes advantage of the concept of sequencing- by- synthesis.What is sequence- by- synthesis?

Transformation of cells using the technique of heat shock requires which of the following?

Sanger sequencing is based on the order in which ddNTPs are added to a growing polynucleotide.Why are ddNTPs integral to the Sanger sequencing method?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

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