Exam 26: Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Which term is given to the measure of the proportion of offspring that a particular phenotype will contribute to the next generation?

Which would change allele frequencies more quickly: selection against a dominant allele or selection against a recessive allele?

What does the variable 2pq represent?

Suppose that a given gene undergoes a mutation to a dominant allele such that 2 out of 100,000 offspring exhibit the new mutant phenotype.Assuming that these offspring are heterozygous,what is the mutation rate for the gene?

Why is mitochondrial DNA often used in construction of phylogenetic trees?

In small isolated populations,gene frequencies can fluctuate considerably.The term that applies to this circumstance is___ .

Migration occurs when individuals move between populations.Considering a single pair of alleles,A and a,what formula is used to indicate the new frequency of A in one generation of migration?

If a gene has three alleles in a population,their frequencies must add up to _______ .

Give a brief definition of the term genetic equilibrium.

What type of evolutionary information can be gained by examining the DNA sequence of a gene for a protein such as cytochrome c?

Natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to _______.

Which natural factors affect changes in genetic variation?

Directional selection generates a phenotypic shift _______.

What is meant by the equation p + q = 1.0?

Evolution is dependent on _______in the evolving population.

What is the term given to a group of individuals belonging to the same species that live in a defined geographic area that actually or potentially interbreed?

Provide a general definition for the term speciation.

Would one expect a linear relationship between DNA sequence divergence and phylogenetic distance? Why or why not?

Which general term is used to group various biological and behavioral properties of organisms that act to prevent or reduce interbreeding?

In a population that meets the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium assumptions,81% of the individuals are homozygous for a recessive allele.What percentage of the individuals would be expected to be heterozygous for this locus in the next generation?