Question 1

Which factor contributes to the phenomenon of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) competition for survival 
B) lack of competition in mating 
C) genetic homogeneity in a population 
D) underpopulation 
A) competition for survival 
B) lack of competition in mating 
C) genetic homogeneity in a population 
D) underpopulation

Question 2

Which of the following does not change gene frequencies in populations?

Accepted Answer

A) selection 
B) migration 
C) mutation 
D) diet 
A) selection 
B) migration 
C) mutation 
D) diet

Question 3

What is the differential reproduction of genotypes,resulting from their variable fitness?

Accepted Answer

A) genetic drift 
B) discrimination 
C) evolution 
D) selection 
A) genetic drift 
B) discrimination 
C) evolution 
D) selection

Question 4

For a given locus,in a population with two alternative alleles,the allele frequencies p + q = _______.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.0 
B) p × q 
C) 0 
D) 100 
A) 1.0 
B) p × q 
C) 0 
D) 100

Question 5

Assume that in a Hardy- Weinberg population,9% of the individuals are of the homozygous recessive phenotype.What percentage are homozygous dominant?

Accepted Answer

A) 91% 
B) 9% 
C) 51% 
D) 49% 
A) 91% 
B) 9% 
C) 51% 
D) 49%

Question 6

Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait in humans.Assume that there are 100 albinos aa)in a population of 1 million.How many individuals would be expected to be homozygous normal AA under equilibrium conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) 980,100 
B) 100 
C) 10,000 
D) 999,900 
E) 19,800 
A) 980,100 
B) 100 
C) 10,000 
D) 999,900 
E) 19,800

Question 7

Given an inheritance pattern of incomplete dominance and 81 flowers that are red R1R1 ,18 flowers that are pink R1R2 ,and 1 flower that is white R2R2 ,what is the frequency of the R1 allele?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.9 
B) 0.1 
C) 0.8 
D) 0.2 
A) 0.9 
B) 0.1 
C) 0.8 
D) 0.2

Question 8

What information have the results of mitochondrial DNA analysis offered concerning the phylogenetic relationships between Neanderthals and modern humans?

Accepted Answer

Although Neanderthals and huma

Question 9

What single event is probably common to all occurrences of speciation?

Accepted Answer

The generation of reproductive

Question 10

In a population of cattle,the following color distribution was noted: 36% red RR ,48% roan Rr),and 16% white rr .This population is in a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium.What will be the distribution of genotypes in the next generation if the Hardy- Weinberg assumptions are met?

Accepted Answer

A) 36% red; 48% roan; 16% white 
B) 30% red; 60% roan; 10% white 
C) 30% red; 50% roan; 20% white 
D) 40% red; 40% roan; 20% white 
A) 36% red; 48% roan; 16% white 
B) 30% red; 60% roan; 10% white 
C) 30% red; 50% roan; 20% white 
D) 40% red; 40% roan; 20% white

Question 11

A number of mechanisms operate to maintain genetic diversity in a population.Why is such diversity favored?

Accepted Answer

A) Genetic diversity may better adapt a population to inevitable changes in the environment. 
B) Genetic diversity helps populations avoid diploidy. 
C) Homozygosity is an evolutionary advantage. 
D) Diversity leads to inbreeding advantages. 
E) Greater genetic diversity increases the chances of haploidy. 
A) Genetic diversity may better adapt a population to inevitable changes in the environment. 
B) Genetic diversity helps populations avoid diploidy. 
C) Homozygosity is an evolutionary advantage. 
D) Diversity leads to inbreeding advantages. 
E) Greater genetic diversity increases the chances of haploidy.

Question 12

Which method is often used to analyze proteins and nucleic acids by physical separation when estimating genetic variation in populations?

Accepted Answer

A) electrophoresis 
B) centrifugation 
C) absorption spectrophotometry 
D) in situ hybridization 
E) fluorometry 
A) electrophoresis 
B) centrifugation 
C) absorption spectrophotometry 
D) in situ hybridization 
E) fluorometry

Question 13

Which assumption pertains to a population in a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) a selectively mating population 
B) no migration,mutation or,genetic drift 
C) a selective advantage of one genotype 
D) a small population 
A) a selectively mating population 
B) no migration,mutation or,genetic drift 
C) a selective advantage of one genotype 
D) a small population

Question 14

One of the Hardy- Weinberg assumptions states that all genotypes in the population are free of selective advantage.What influence might a selective advantage of a genotype have on a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Certain alleles will

Question 15

In the evolutionary sense,what is meant by the term molecular clock?

Accepted Answer

Molecular clocks are amino acid or nucle

Question 16

Two species that have experienced several thousand years of isolation from one another are now incapable of producing viable offspring despite mating efforts.What type of reproductive isolating mechanism developed between the two species?

Accepted Answer

postzygoti

Question 17

Mutation and migration introduce new alleles into populations.What is the most likely principal force that will shift allelic frequencies within large populations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutation and migration introduce new alleles into...

Question 18

A certain form of albinism in humans is recessive and autosomal.Assume that 1% of the individuals in a given population are albino.Assuming that the population is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium,what percentage of the individuals in this population is expected to be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

A) 9% 
B) 82% 
C) 99% 
D) 18% 
A) 9% 
B) 82% 
C) 99% 
D) 18%

Question 19

One of the Hardy- Weinberg assumptions states that the population is infinitely large.What influence might a small population size have on a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Sampling error would cause ran

Question 20

Selection that favors the middle phenotype and selects against the extreme phenotypes is said to be_______ .

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection 
B) disruptive selection 
C) stabilizing selection 
D) diselection 
A) directional selection 
B) disruptive selection 
C) stabilizing selection 
D) diselection

Exam 26: Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Which factor contributes to the phenomenon of natural selection?

Which of the following does not change gene frequencies in populations?

What is the differential reproduction of genotypes,resulting from their variable fitness?

For a given locus,in a population with two alternative alleles,the allele frequencies p + q = _______.

Assume that in a Hardy- Weinberg population,9% of the individuals are of the homozygous recessive phenotype.What percentage are homozygous dominant?

Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait in humans.Assume that there are 100 albinos aa)in a population of 1 million.How many individuals would be expected to be homozygous normal AA under equilibrium conditions?

Given an inheritance pattern of incomplete dominance and 81 flowers that are red R1R1 ,18 flowers that are pink R1R2 ,and 1 flower that is white R2R2 ,what is the frequency of the R1 allele?

What information have the results of mitochondrial DNA analysis offered concerning the phylogenetic relationships between Neanderthals and modern humans?

What single event is probably common to all occurrences of speciation?

In a population of cattle,the following color distribution was noted: 36% red RR ,48% roan Rr),and 16% white rr .This population is in a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium.What will be the distribution of genotypes in the next generation if the Hardy- Weinberg assumptions are met?

A number of mechanisms operate to maintain genetic diversity in a population.Why is such diversity favored?

Which method is often used to analyze proteins and nucleic acids by physical separation when estimating genetic variation in populations?

Which assumption pertains to a population in a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?

One of the Hardy- Weinberg assumptions states that all genotypes in the population are free of selective advantage.What influence might a selective advantage of a genotype have on a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?

In the evolutionary sense,what is meant by the term molecular clock?

Two species that have experienced several thousand years of isolation from one another are now incapable of producing viable offspring despite mating efforts.What type of reproductive isolating mechanism developed between the two species?

Mutation and migration introduce new alleles into populations.What is the most likely principal force that will shift allelic frequencies within large populations?

A certain form of albinism in humans is recessive and autosomal.Assume that 1% of the individuals in a given population are albino.Assuming that the population is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium,what percentage of the individuals in this population is expected to be heterozygous?

One of the Hardy- Weinberg assumptions states that the population is infinitely large.What influence might a small population size have on a Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?

Selection that favors the middle phenotype and selects against the extreme phenotypes is said to be_______ .

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

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Given an inheritance pattern of incomplete dominance and 81 flowers that are red R¹R¹ ,18 flowers that are pink R¹R² ,and 1 flower that is white R²R² ,what is the frequency of the R¹allele?