Question 1

Germ cell mutations__________ .

Accepted Answer

A) are of no consequence to the next generation 
B) are only seen in females 
C) are the cause of testicular cancer 
D) are usually found in every cell of the next generation 
E) affect somatic cell function in the current generation 
A) are of no consequence to the next generation 
B) are only seen in females 
C) are the cause of testicular cancer 
D) are usually found in every cell of the next generation 
E) affect somatic cell function in the current generation D

Question 2

Explain the effects of a somatic mutation on the individuals and their offspring if the mutation is recessive or dominant.

Accepted Answer

Somatic cell mutations can only affect the individuals they occur in and will not affect their offspring.
Whether or not the mutation affects the individuals can vary depending upon whether or not the mutation is recessive or dominant.If the mutation is recessive,then it is less likely to affect the individuals unless the wild- type allele also becomes mutated or if the recessive mutation occurs on a male's X- chromosome.If the mutation is dominant,then it is more likely to affect the individuals.
However,even dominant mutations' phenotypes may have less impact due to the thousands of other cells in the tissue that remain unmutated.It should be noted that an accumulation of several mutations in a single cell could lead to diseases such as cancer.

Question 3

One would predict that bacteria that lack the enzyme photolyase would be more sensitive to what kind of mutagen?

Accepted Answer

A) base analog 
B) alkylating agents 
C) intercalating agents 
D) UV light 
E) reactive oxygen species 
A) base analog 
B) alkylating agents 
C) intercalating agents 
D) UV light 
E) reactive oxygen species D

Question 4

Which of the following mutations would be classified as a transversion?

Accepted Answer

A) CGA to a CGU 
B) CGA to a GGA 
C) CGA to a CCA 
D) CGA to GCT 
E) CGA to a CGT 
A) CGA to a CGU 
B) CGA to a GGA 
C) CGA to a CCA 
D) CGA to GCT 
E) CGA to a CGT

Question 5

During the Ames test,his- bacteria are exposed to a chemical.If the bacteria remains his+,then what can we say about the chemical?

Accepted Answer

A) The chemical is certainly a cancer- causing chemical. 
B) The chemical is not safe to consume because it is likely a mutagen. 
C) The chemical is not safe to consume even though it is not likely a mutagen. 
D) The chemical is safe to consume even though it is likely a mutagen. 
E) The chemical is safe to consume and is not likely a mutagen. 
A) The chemical is certainly a cancer- causing chemical. 
B) The chemical is not safe to consume because it is likely a mutagen. 
C) The chemical is not safe to consume even though it is not likely a mutagen. 
D) The chemical is safe to consume even though it is likely a mutagen. 
E) The chemical is safe to consume and is not likely a mutagen.

Question 6

A mutation that changes an amino acid- coding codon to a stop codon is classified as what kind of codon?

Accepted Answer

A) missense 
B) nonsense 
C) neutral 
D) conditional 
E) silent 
A) missense 
B) nonsense 
C) neutral 
D) conditional 
E) silent

Question 7

Describe the mutagenic action of the following two mutagens: 5- bromouracil and ultraviolet light.

Accepted Answer

The mutagen 5- bromouracil is

Question 8

Considering the electromagnetic spectrum,identify likely mutagens from the following list: radio waves,microwaves,infrared,ultraviolet,X- rays,gamma rays,and cosmic rays.

Accepted Answer

ultraviole

Question 9

Transposons,or jumping genes,are DNA elements that move within the genome.In which organismic groups are transposons found?

Accepted Answer

A) mammals 
B) ancient bacteria 
C) eukaryotes 
D) bacteria 
E) all organismic groups 
A) mammals 
B) ancient bacteria 
C) eukaryotes 
D) bacteria 
E) all organismic groups

Question 10

Thymine dimers form when __________.

Accepted Answer

A) two thymines are inserted into a DNA sequence 
B) two thymines on separate strands of DNA bind to together 
C) two thymines adjacent to each other are deleted from the DNA sequence 
D) two thymines on the same strand and adjacent to each other bind together 
E) two thymines on the same strand but not adjacent to each other bind together 
A) two thymines are inserted into a DNA sequence 
B) two thymines on separate strands of DNA bind to together 
C) two thymines adjacent to each other are deleted from the DNA sequence 
D) two thymines on the same strand and adjacent to each other bind together 
E) two thymines on the same strand but not adjacent to each other bind together

Question 11

Which of the following two mutagens that would be classified as base analogs?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyurea and peroxidase 
B) ultraviolet light and cosmic radiation 
C) ethylmethane sulfonate and ethylmethylketone peroxide 
D) acridine orange and proflavine 
E) 5- Bromouracil and 2- amino purine 
A) hydroxyurea and peroxidase 
B) ultraviolet light and cosmic radiation 
C) ethylmethane sulfonate and ethylmethylketone peroxide 
D) acridine orange and proflavine 
E) 5- Bromouracil and 2- amino purine

Question 12

In bacteria and eukaryotes,a mutation is when__________ .

Accepted Answer

A) DNA is unable to be replicated 
B) the expression of a gene changes without the DNA sequence being changed 
C) the amino acid sequence in a protein molecule is directly changed 
D) the nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule is directly changed 
E) the nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule is directly changed 
A) DNA is unable to be replicated 
B) the expression of a gene changes without the DNA sequence being changed 
C) the amino acid sequence in a protein molecule is directly changed 
D) the nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule is directly changed 
E) the nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule is directly changed

Question 13

A class of mutations that results in multiple contiguous amino acid changes in proteins is likely to be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) recombinant 
B) transversion 
C) base analog 
D) frameshift 
E) transition 
A) recombinant 
B) transversion 
C) base analog 
D) frameshift 
E) transition

Question 14

Assume that a new mutation occurs in the germ line of an individual.What finding would suggest that the new mutation is dominant rather than recessive?

Accepted Answer

If the new mutation is dominant and pass

Question 15

In a survey of 240,000 human births,six achondroplastic births were recorded to parents who were unaffected.Given that this form of dwarfism is caused by a fully penetrant,dominant,autosomal gene,what is the mutation rate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a survey of 240,000 human births,six...

Question 16

How was it determined that X- rays are mutagenic?

Accepted Answer

H.J.Muller determined that a d

Question 17

At what stage is a mutation predicted to have the effect?

Accepted Answer

A) shortly after birth 
B) after birth but before puberty 
C) after puberty 
D) during early embryonic development 
E) after the age of 60 
A) shortly after birth 
B) after birth but before puberty 
C) after puberty 
D) during early embryonic development 
E) after the age of 60

Question 18

Three human disorders-fragile X syndrome,myotonic dystrophy,and Huntington's disease-are conceptually linked by a common mode of molecular upset.Describe the phenomena that link these disorders.

Accepted Answer

All three are caused by disparate genes,

Question 19

Which f the following mutagens is matched correctly with its action?

Accepted Answer

A) 2- Amino purine is an adduct- forming agent 
B) acetaldehyde is a free radicle 
C) 5- Bromouracil is an alkylating agent 
D) ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent 
E) mustard gasses are base analogs 
A) 2- Amino purine is an adduct- forming agent 
B) acetaldehyde is a free radicle 
C) 5- Bromouracil is an alkylating agent 
D) ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent 
E) mustard gasses are base analogs

Question 20

Tautomeric shifts__________ .

Accepted Answer

A) are known to cause insertion or deletion mutations 
B) can cause missense mutations due to mispairings 
C) are likely to cause frameshifts 
D) allow purines to bind to purines 
E) allow pyrimidines to bind to pyrimidines 
A) are known to cause insertion or deletion mutations 
B) can cause missense mutations due to mispairings 
C) are likely to cause frameshifts 
D) allow purines to bind to purines 
E) allow pyrimidines to bind to pyrimidines

Exam 15: Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Germ cell mutations__________ .

Explain the effects of a somatic mutation on the individuals and their offspring if the mutation is recessive or dominant.

One would predict that bacteria that lack the enzyme photolyase would be more sensitive to what kind of mutagen?

Which of the following mutations would be classified as a transversion?

During the Ames test,his- bacteria are exposed to a chemical.If the bacteria remains his+,then what can we say about the chemical?

A mutation that changes an amino acid- coding codon to a stop codon is classified as what kind of codon?

Describe the mutagenic action of the following two mutagens: 5- bromouracil and ultraviolet light.

Considering the electromagnetic spectrum,identify likely mutagens from the following list: radio waves,microwaves,infrared,ultraviolet,X- rays,gamma rays,and cosmic rays.

Transposons,or jumping genes,are DNA elements that move within the genome.In which organismic groups are transposons found?

Thymine dimers form when __________.

Which of the following two mutagens that would be classified as base analogs?

In bacteria and eukaryotes,a mutation is when__________ .

A class of mutations that results in multiple contiguous amino acid changes in proteins is likely to be which of the following?

Assume that a new mutation occurs in the germ line of an individual.What finding would suggest that the new mutation is dominant rather than recessive?

In a survey of 240,000 human births,six achondroplastic births were recorded to parents who were unaffected.Given that this form of dwarfism is caused by a fully penetrant,dominant,autosomal gene,what is the mutation rate?

How was it determined that X- rays are mutagenic?

At what stage is a mutation predicted to have the effect?

Three human disorders-fragile X syndrome,myotonic dystrophy,and Huntington's disease-are conceptually linked by a common mode of molecular upset.Describe the phenomena that link these disorders.

Which f the following mutagens is matched correctly with its action?

Tautomeric shifts__________ .

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

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