Question 1

High throughput sequencing takes advantage of automated reading of sequencing data.Which of the following assists in automating the sequencing readout?

Accepted Answer

A) radioactive dNTPs 
B) fluorescently tagged ddNTPs 
C) fluorescently tagged dNTPs 
D) radioactive ddNTPs 
A) radioactive dNTPs 
B) fluorescently tagged ddNTPs 
C) fluorescently tagged dNTPs 
D) radioactive ddNTPs B

Question 2

A restriction enzyme that uses a six 6 base recognition sequence will cut DNA,on average,every________ bases,if all four nucleotides are present in equal proportions.

Accepted Answer

A) 256 
B) 4096 
C) 500 
D) 1296 
E) 5000 
A) 256 
B) 4096 
C) 500 
D) 1296 
E) 5000 B

Question 3

A knock- out mouse is made with respect to the PFKL gene,and this mouse is now described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a gain- of- function PFKL mouse 
B) an enhancement- of- function PFKL mouse 
C) a loss- of- function PFKL mouse 
D) a retention- of- function PFKL mouse 
A) a gain- of- function PFKL mouse 
B) an enhancement- of- function PFKL mouse 
C) a loss- of- function PFKL mouse 
D) a retention- of- function PFKL mouse C

Question 4

A scientist is troubleshooting the synthesis of a cDNA library.The scientist performs both a Northern and a Southern blot.The Northern blot demonstrated the presence of RNA while the Southern blot indicated that no cDNA was present in the sample.What is likely to be the cause of the failed synthesis of the cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A) proper primers 
B) temperature too cold for annealing 
C) too many dNTPs 
D) defective reverse transcriptase 
A) proper primers 
B) temperature too cold for annealing 
C) too many dNTPs 
D) defective reverse transcriptase

Question 5

Assume that you have cut 2 DNA with the restriction enzyme HindIII.You separate the fragments on an agarose gel and stain the DNA with ethidium bromide.You notice that the intensity of the stain is less in the bands that have migrated closer to the "+" pole.Give an explanation for this finding.

Accepted Answer

Since the smaller fragments mi

Question 6

What is the main purpose of a DNA probe?

Accepted Answer

A) cuts DNA targets 
B) hybridizes to a target sequence 
C) binds to proteins 
D) extend the growing polynucleotide 
A) cuts DNA targets 
B) hybridizes to a target sequence 
C) binds to proteins 
D) extend the growing polynucleotide

Question 7

Why are DNA binding dyes such as SYBR green integral to the technique of qPCR?

Accepted Answer

The SYBR green dye binds double- strande

Question 8

Which of the following describes a "knock- out" organism?

Accepted Answer

A) An organism that is capable of out- competing another organism. 
B) An organism that loses consciousness randomly. 
C) An organism that is positive for alleles coding a gene of interest. 
D) An organism that is negative for alleles coding a gene of interest. 
A) An organism that is capable of out- competing another organism. 
B) An organism that loses consciousness randomly. 
C) An organism that is positive for alleles coding a gene of interest. 
D) An organism that is negative for alleles coding a gene of interest.

Question 9

A probe with the sequence 5'- A- T- G- C- C- A- G- T- 3' will serve as a probe for which sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) 3'- T- G- S- C- C- G- T- A- 5' 
B) 3'- T- A- C- G- G- T- C- A- 5' 
C) 3'- A- C- T- G- G- C- A- T- 3' 
D) 3'- A- T- G- C- C- A- G- T- 5' 
A) 3'- T- G- S- C- C- G- T- A- 5' 
B) 3'- T- A- C- G- G- T- C- A- 5' 
C) 3'- A- C- T- G- G- C- A- T- 3' 
D) 3'- A- T- G- C- C- A- G- T- 5'

Question 10

DNA ligase________ .

Accepted Answer

A) reconnects the bases together between the DNA strands 
B) adds bases into a growing DNA molecule 
C) removes bases from a DNA molecule 
D) reconnects the phosphodiester linkage between bases on the same strand of DNA 
E) cuts the DNA to produce sticky or blunt ends 
A) reconnects the bases together between the DNA strands 
B) adds bases into a growing DNA molecule 
C) removes bases from a DNA molecule 
D) reconnects the phosphodiester linkage between bases on the same strand of DNA 
E) cuts the DNA to produce sticky or blunt ends

Question 11

RT- PCR reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction)can be used to compare gene expression levels during an organism's response to the environment.A scientist monitoring a tetracycline resistance gene will see what response in the expression when the organism is challenged?

Accepted Answer

A) increased gene expression 
B) no change in gene expression 
C) decreased gene expression 
A) increased gene expression 
B) no change in gene expression 
C) decreased gene expression

Question 12

Spectral karyotypes take advantage of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Probes can be made with different radioactive isotopes. 
B) Probes can be labeled with different color fluorophores. 
C) Chromosomes are different colors under a microscope. 
D) Chromosomes can be labeled with different radioactive isotopes. 
A) Probes can be made with different radioactive isotopes. 
B) Probes can be labeled with different color fluorophores. 
C) Chromosomes are different colors under a microscope. 
D) Chromosomes can be labeled with different radioactive isotopes.

Question 13

A PCR was designed to clone a DNA sequence of 1.5 kb.When the products were run on an agarose gel,there was a smear of bands ranging from 1.5 kb to 6 kb.Which of the following is a reason for this result?

Accepted Answer

A) one of the primers did not bind 
B) the thermocycler malfunctioned 
C) the polymerase overran the reverse primer 
D) the polymerase denatured 
A) one of the primers did not bind 
B) the thermocycler malfunctioned 
C) the polymerase overran the reverse primer 
D) the polymerase denatured

Question 14

During the hybridization/annealing phase of a PCR reaction,the primers bind to the target DNA sequence at a specific temperature.What effect would an increase in the GC content of the primer have on the optimal temperature for annealing the primer to a target DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) the annealing temperature would increase 
B) the annealing temperature would decrease 
C) the annealing temperature would remain the same 
A) the annealing temperature would increase 
B) the annealing temperature would decrease 
C) the annealing temperature would remain the same

Question 15

What is the function of a ddNTP in DNA sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A) termination of DNA synthesis 
B) methylation of guanine 
C) provide a 3' hydroxyl for continued elongation 
D) enhancing the processivity of the polymerase 
A) termination of DNA synthesis 
B) methylation of guanine 
C) provide a 3' hydroxyl for continued elongation 
D) enhancing the processivity of the polymerase

Question 16

Third- generation sequencing strategies are based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) sequencing a single strand of DNA 
B) sequencing DNA using PCR 
C) sequencing an ensemble of DNA strands with the same sequence 
D) sequencing multiple strands of DNA with different sequences to generate a library 
A) sequencing a single strand of DNA 
B) sequencing DNA using PCR 
C) sequencing an ensemble of DNA strands with the same sequence 
D) sequencing multiple strands of DNA with different sequences to generate a library

Question 17

Conditional knock- out organisms provide which advantage over full knock- out organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) They allow scientists to render the organism unconscious at any time. 
B) They allow scientists to turn the gene off at any time during the organism's development. 
C) They allow scientists to study genome size. 
D) They allow scientists to turn on the gene at any time during the organism's development. 
A) They allow scientists to render the organism unconscious at any time. 
B) They allow scientists to turn the gene off at any time during the organism's development. 
C) They allow scientists to study genome size. 
D) They allow scientists to turn on the gene at any time during the organism's development.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a common system for generating knock- out organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) homologous recombination 
B) CRSPR- CAS 
C) cre- lox 
D) transformation 
A) homologous recombination 
B) CRSPR- CAS 
C) cre- lox 
D) transformation

Question 19

The following are four processes common to most cloning experiments: i)transforming bacteria
Ii)plating bacteria on selective medium
Iii)cutting DNA with restriction endonucleases
Iv)ligating DNA fragments
Place the components of this list in the order in which they would most likely occur during a cloning experiment

Accepted Answer

A) iii,iv,i,ii 
B) i,ii,iii,iv 
C) ii,iii,i,iv 
D) iv,i,iii,ii 
E) ii,i,iv,iii 
A) iii,iv,i,ii 
B) i,ii,iii,iv 
C) ii,iii,i,iv 
D) iv,i,iii,ii 
E) ii,i,iv,iii

Question 20

What is necessary to generate a genomic DNA library?

Accepted Answer

A) Many overlapping fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism. 
B) A single fragment that contains at least one copy of the DNA sequence in the organism's genome. 
C) Many fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism. 
D) Many overlapping fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism's genome. 
E) Many fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism's genome. 
A) Many overlapping fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism. 
B) A single fragment that contains at least one copy of the DNA sequence in the organism's genome. 
C) Many fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism. 
D) Many overlapping fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism's genome. 
E) Many fragments of the genome with at least one copy of every DNA sequence in the organism's genome.

Exam 20: Recombinant Dna Technology

High throughput sequencing takes advantage of automated reading of sequencing data.Which of the following assists in automating the sequencing readout?

A restriction enzyme that uses a six 6 base recognition sequence will cut DNA,on average,every________ bases,if all four nucleotides are present in equal proportions.

A knock- out mouse is made with respect to the PFKL gene,and this mouse is now described as which of the following?

Assume that you have cut 2 DNA with the restriction enzyme HindIII.You separate the fragments on an agarose gel and stain the DNA with ethidium bromide.You notice that the intensity of the stain is less in the bands that have migrated closer to the "+" pole.Give an explanation for this finding.

What is the main purpose of a DNA probe?

Why are DNA binding dyes such as SYBR green integral to the technique of qPCR?

Which of the following describes a "knock- out" organism?

A probe with the sequence 5'- A- T- G- C- C- A- G- T- 3' will serve as a probe for which sequence?

DNA ligase________ .

RT- PCR reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction)can be used to compare gene expression levels during an organism's response to the environment.A scientist monitoring a tetracycline resistance gene will see what response in the expression when the organism is challenged?

Spectral karyotypes take advantage of which of the following?

A PCR was designed to clone a DNA sequence of 1.5 kb.When the products were run on an agarose gel,there was a smear of bands ranging from 1.5 kb to 6 kb.Which of the following is a reason for this result?

During the hybridization/annealing phase of a PCR reaction,the primers bind to the target DNA sequence at a specific temperature.What effect would an increase in the GC content of the primer have on the optimal temperature for annealing the primer to a target DNA sequence?

What is the function of a ddNTP in DNA sequencing?

Third- generation sequencing strategies are based on which of the following?

Conditional knock- out organisms provide which advantage over full knock- out organisms?

Which of the following is not a common system for generating knock- out organisms?

What is necessary to generate a genomic DNA library?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

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