Question 1

Expression QTL mapping allows researchers to characterize___ .

Accepted Answer

A) loci that modify the rate of protein translation 
B) loci that control gene expression 
C) loci that have high mutating rates 
D) loci that encode phenotypes 
A) loci that modify the rate of protein translation 
B) loci that control gene expression 
C) loci that have high mutating rates 
D) loci that encode phenotypes B

Question 2

Provide a brief definition of the term interactive variance.

Accepted Answer

Interactive variance occurs when two or more loci behave epistatically.

Question 3

s2 = S Xi - X 2/n - 1 is the formula for calculating which statistical value?

Accepted Answer

A) covariance 
B) standard deviation 
C) variance 
D) mean 
A) covariance 
B) standard deviation 
C) variance 
D) mean C

Question 4

Typically,one thinks of identical MZ twins being genetically identical.However,genomic differences do exist between MZ twins by epigenetic processes.What are epigenetic processes?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic processes

Question 5

To estimate how much the means of a variety of like samples drawn from the same population might vary,what statistic is often used?

Accepted Answer

A) standard deviation of the mean 
B) variance of the mean 
C) standard error of the mean 
D) relative error of the mean 
A) standard deviation of the mean 
B) variance of the mean 
C) standard error of the mean 
D) relative error of the mean

Question 6

Which human trait would be expected to have high concordance?

Accepted Answer

A) weight 
B) eye color 
C) contracting measles 
D) hair length 
A) weight 
B) eye color 
C) contracting measles 
D) hair length

Question 7

Which statistical value is used to represent the linkage of the increase in one measurement to the increase in a second measurement?

Accepted Answer

A) covariance 
B) correlation coefficient 
C) standard deviation 
D) variance 
A) covariance 
B) correlation coefficient 
C) standard deviation 
D) variance

Question 8

Which statement best describes h2 narrow- sense heritability ?

Accepted Answer

A) The deviation from additive components when they behave epistatically. 
B) The proportion of phenotypic variance due to additive genotypic variance alone. 
C) It measures the contribution genotypic variance to total phenotypic variance. 
D) The genotypic variance due to additive action of various QTLs. 
A) The deviation from additive components when they behave epistatically. 
B) The proportion of phenotypic variance due to additive genotypic variance alone. 
C) It measures the contribution genotypic variance to total phenotypic variance. 
D) The genotypic variance due to additive action of various QTLs.

Question 9

When a trait is polygenic,but has a small number of discrete classes,it is said to be an _____ trait.

Accepted Answer

A) oncogenic 
B) threshold 
C) meristic 
D) continuous 
E) qualitative 
A) oncogenic 
B) threshold 
C) meristic 
D) continuous 
E) qualitative

Question 10

A "marker" in a genetic sense usually represents a site along a chromosome where a specific nucleotide sequence exists.What specific phrase is used when such markers are identified by restriction endonucleases and a particular set of DNA fragments is generated?

Accepted Answer

A) restriction site 
B) expression QTL 
C) RFLP 
D) QTL 
A) restriction site 
B) expression QTL 
C) RFLP 
D) QTL

Question 11

Concordance refers to the frequency with which members of a twin pair express a___ trait.

Accepted Answer

A) unrelated 
B) mutated 
C) similar 
D) different 
A) unrelated 
B) mutated 
C) similar 
D) different

Question 12

Identical twins are___ .

Accepted Answer

A) homozygotic 
B) dizygotic 
C) monozygotic 
D) hemizygotic 
A) homozygotic 
B) dizygotic 
C) monozygotic 
D) hemizygotic

Question 13

___alleles are those that are not epistatic over nonallelic genes that influence the same phenotypic characteristic.

Accepted Answer

A) Additive 
B) Threshold 
C) Nonadditive 
D) Discontinuous 
A) Additive 
B) Threshold 
C) Nonadditive 
D) Discontinuous

Question 14

Polygenes are involved in determining___ .

Accepted Answer

A) traits that have a distinct all or none phenotype 
B) traits that are strictly determined by environmental factors 
C) continuously varying traits 
D) traits that are strictly determined by genetic variance 
A) traits that have a distinct all or none phenotype 
B) traits that are strictly determined by environmental factors 
C) continuously varying traits 
D) traits that are strictly determined by genetic variance

Question 15

In the early part of the twentieth century,Nilsson- Ehle and others described experiments showing that multiple loci may be involved in the inheritance of certain traits.Such patterns are often called _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) continuous traits 
B) polygenic traits 
C) indeterminate traits 
D) threshold traits 
A) continuous traits 
B) polygenic traits 
C) indeterminate traits 
D) threshold traits

Question 16

Bell- shaped distributions produced by plotting results of F2 and F3 crosses are typical of which type of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A) multiple- factor inheritance 
B) codominance 
C) alternation of generations 
D) hemizygosity 
E) incomplete dominance 
A) multiple- factor inheritance 
B) codominance 
C) alternation of generations 
D) hemizygosity 
E) incomplete dominance

Question 17

Which value of narrow- sense heritability h2 indicates a selection will have a significant impact in altering the initial population?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 0.20 
C) 0.99 
D) 99 
A) 20 
B) 0.20 
C) 0.99 
D) 99

Question 18

Describe the value of using twins in the study of questions relating to the relative impact of heredity versus environment.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins are derived from the s

Question 19

Continuous inheritance is often related to the term quantitative inheritance.Why?

Accepted Answer

In continuous inheritance,we consider ea

Question 20

We often refer to the host of genetic factors in the genome that have an influence on a particular gene's expression as its genetic background.What influence does genetic background have over the phenotype of the organism?

Accepted Answer

Genetic background reflects al

Exam 25: Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Expression QTL mapping allows researchers to characterize___ .

Provide a brief definition of the term interactive variance.

s2 = S Xi - X 2/n - 1 is the formula for calculating which statistical value?

Typically,one thinks of identical MZ twins being genetically identical.However,genomic differences do exist between MZ twins by epigenetic processes.What are epigenetic processes?

To estimate how much the means of a variety of like samples drawn from the same population might vary,what statistic is often used?

Which human trait would be expected to have high concordance?

Which statistical value is used to represent the linkage of the increase in one measurement to the increase in a second measurement?

Which statement best describes h2 narrow- sense heritability ?

When a trait is polygenic,but has a small number of discrete classes,it is said to be an _____ trait.

A "marker" in a genetic sense usually represents a site along a chromosome where a specific nucleotide sequence exists.What specific phrase is used when such markers are identified by restriction endonucleases and a particular set of DNA fragments is generated?

Concordance refers to the frequency with which members of a twin pair express a___ trait.

Identical twins are___ .

___alleles are those that are not epistatic over nonallelic genes that influence the same phenotypic characteristic.

Polygenes are involved in determining___ .

In the early part of the twentieth century,Nilsson- Ehle and others described experiments showing that multiple loci may be involved in the inheritance of certain traits.Such patterns are often called _____ .

Bell- shaped distributions produced by plotting results of F2 and F3 crosses are typical of which type of inheritance?

Which value of narrow- sense heritability h2 indicates a selection will have a significant impact in altering the initial population?

Describe the value of using twins in the study of questions relating to the relative impact of heredity versus environment.

Continuous inheritance is often related to the term quantitative inheritance.Why?

We often refer to the host of genetic factors in the genome that have an influence on a particular gene's expression as its genetic background.What influence does genetic background have over the phenotype of the organism?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

Filters

s²= S X_i- X ²/n - 1 is the formula for calculating which statistical value?

Which statement best describes h²narrow- sense heritability ?

Bell- shaped distributions produced by plotting results of F₂and F₃crosses are typical of which type of inheritance?

Which value of narrow- sense heritability h² indicates a selection will have a significant impact in altering the initial population?