Question 1

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Entrance inhibitors 
D)  Highly active antiretroviral therapy 
A)  Reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Entrance inhibitors 
D)  Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Question 2

A 30-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of fatigue, excessive sweating, and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into which of the following categories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I hypersensitivity 
B)  Type II hypersensitivity 
C)  Type III hypersensitivity 
D)  Type IV hypersensitivity 
A)  Type I hypersensitivity 
B)  Type II hypersensitivity 
C)  Type III hypersensitivity 
D)  Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 3

Most bacterial vaccines contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  active bacteria. 
B)  attenuated bacteria. 
C)  dead bacteria. 
D)  bacterial toxins. 
A)  active bacteria. 
B)  attenuated bacteria. 
C)  dead bacteria. 
D)  bacterial toxins.

Question 4

The most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

Accepted Answer

A)  urticaria. 
B)  hives. 
C)  anaphylaxis. 
D)  antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADC
C) . 
A)  urticaria. 
B)  hives. 
C)  anaphylaxis. 
D)  antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADC
C) .

Question 5

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  25% 
A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  25%

Question 6

A patient presents with poison ivy on extremities, face, and buttocks. This disease is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphylaxis. 
B)  serum sickness. 
C)  delayed hypersensitivity. 
D)  lysosomal disease. 
A)  anaphylaxis. 
B)  serum sickness. 
C)  delayed hypersensitivity. 
D)  lysosomal disease.

Question 7

Most viral vaccines contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  active viruses. 
B)  attenuated viruses. 
C)  killed viruses. 
D)  viral toxins. 
A)  active viruses. 
B)  attenuated viruses. 
C)  killed viruses. 
D)  viral toxins.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV only infects T-helper cells. 
B)  HIV is a retrovirus. 
C)  Infection does not require a host cell receptor. 
D)  After infection, cell death is immediate. 
A)  HIV only infects T-helper cells. 
B)  HIV is a retrovirus. 
C)  Infection does not require a host cell receptor. 
D)  After infection, cell death is immediate.

Question 9

An example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchial asthma. 
B)  contact dermatitis. 
C)  serum sickness. 
D)  rheumatoid arthritis. 
A)  bronchial asthma. 
B)  contact dermatitis. 
C)  serum sickness. 
D)  rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 10

Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states. 
B)  a normal immune response to an infectious agent. 
C)  an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen. 
D)  antigenic desensitization. 
A)  a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states. 
B)  a normal immune response to an infectious agent. 
C)  an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen. 
D)  antigenic desensitization.

Question 11

Endotoxins are produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  gram-positive bacteria. 
C)  gram-negative fungi. 
D)  gram-positive fungi. 
A)  gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  gram-positive bacteria. 
C)  gram-negative fungi. 
D)  gram-positive fungi.

Question 12

A 25-year-old female reports having unprotected sexual intercourse with several men. Blood tests reveal that she is positive for human papilloma virus. Which of the following may occur because of the infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaginal discharge 
B)  Liver failure 
C)  Breast cancer 
D)  Warts 
A)  Vaginal discharge 
B)  Liver failure 
C)  Breast cancer 
D)  Warts

Question 13

The hallmark symptom of most infectious diseases is:

Accepted Answer

A)  fever. 
B)  jaundice. 
C)  vomiting. 
D)  pain. 
A)  fever. 
B)  jaundice. 
C)  vomiting. 
D)  pain.

Question 14

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE-mediated reactions. 
B)  tissue-specific reactions. 
C)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
D)  type II hypersensitivity reactions. 
A)  IgE-mediated reactions. 
B)  tissue-specific reactions. 
C)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
D)  type II hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 15

Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

Accepted Answer

A)  are easily treated with penicillin. 
B)  are extremely rare. 
C)  never occur with other infections. 
D)  are commonly opportunistic. 
A)  are easily treated with penicillin. 
B)  are extremely rare. 
C)  never occur with other infections. 
D)  are commonly opportunistic.

Question 16

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotoxin 
B)  Exotoxin 
C)  Antitoxin 
D)  Septicemia 
A)  Endotoxin 
B)  Exotoxin 
C)  Antitoxin 
D)  Septicemia

Question 17

Bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:

Accepted Answer

A)  proliferation. 
B)  attenuation. 
C)  specialization. 
D)  mutation. 
A)  proliferation. 
B)  attenuation. 
C)  specialization. 
D)  mutation.

Question 18

Viruses:

Accepted Answer

A)  contain no DNA or RNA. 
B)  are capable of independent reproduction. 
C)  replicate their genetic material inside host cells. 
D)  are easily killed by antimicrobials. 
A)  contain no DNA or RNA. 
B)  are capable of independent reproduction. 
C)  replicate their genetic material inside host cells. 
D)  are easily killed by antimicrobials.

Question 19

Bacterial pathogens can defend themselves from an immune response by:

Accepted Answer

A)  producing capsules. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  retreating. 
D)  developing antibodies. 
A)  producing capsules. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  retreating. 
D)  developing antibodies.

Question 20

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A)  alloimmunity. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  anaphylaxis. 
D)  tissue-specific hypersensitivity. 
A)  alloimmunity. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  anaphylaxis. 
D)  tissue-specific hypersensitivity.

Exam 7: Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

Most bacterial vaccines contain:

The most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

A patient presents with poison ivy on extremities, face, and buttocks. This disease is an example of:

Most viral vaccines contain:

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

An example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

Endotoxins are produced by:

A 25-year-old female reports having unprotected sexual intercourse with several men. Blood tests reveal that she is positive for human papilloma virus. Which of the following may occur because of the infection?

The hallmark symptom of most infectious diseases is:

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

Bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:

Viruses:

Bacterial pathogens can defend themselves from an immune response by:

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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